Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Shreveport and Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
Oral Dis. 2022 Nov;28 Suppl 2:2337-2346. doi: 10.1111/odi.14300. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly spread globally, infecting over half a billion individuals, and killing over 6 million*. One of the more unusual symptoms was patients' complaints of sudden loss of smell and/or taste, a symptom that has become more apparent as the virus mutated into different variants. Anosmia and ageusia, the loss of smell and taste, respectively, seem to be transient for some individuals, but for others persists even after recovery from the infection. Causes for COVID-19-associated chemosensory loss have undergone several hypotheses. These include non-functional or destroyed olfactory neurons and gustatory receptors or of their supporting cells, disruption of the signaling protein Neuropilin-1, and disruption in the interaction with semaphorins, key molecules in the gustatory and olfactory axon guidance. The current paper will review these hypotheses and chart out potential therapeutic avenues.
由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的 COVID-19 疫情迅速在全球蔓延，感染了超过 5 亿人，导致超过 600 万人死亡*。其中一个较为罕见的症状是患者抱怨突然失去嗅觉和/或味觉，这种症状随着病毒变异为不同的变体而变得更加明显。嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失，分别是指嗅觉和味觉的丧失，对于一些人来说似乎是短暂的，但对于另一些人来说，即使在感染康复后也会持续存在。COVID-19 相关的化学感觉丧失的原因已经提出了几种假说。这些假说包括嗅觉神经元和味觉受体或其支持细胞功能失调或受损、信号蛋白 Neuropilin-1 的中断，以及与 semaphorins 的相互作用中断，semaphorins 是味觉和嗅觉轴突导向的关键分子。本文将回顾这些假说，并探讨潜在的治疗途径。
