Division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD11HG, UK.
Arch Sex Behav. 2022 Aug;51(6):3071-3082. doi: 10.1007/s10508-022-02317-4. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
Pornography has become widely accessible in recent years due to its integration with the Internet, generating social scientific and moralistic debate on potential "media effects," given correlations between consumption and various sexual traits and behaviors. One popular public debate (Wilson, 2012) claimed that exposure to Internet pornography has addictive qualities that could impact men's sexual relationships, underpinned by the "Coolidge effect," where males are sexually motivated by the presence of novel mates. As claims about Internet and sexual addictions are scientifically controversial, we provide a direct experimental test of his proposal. Adapting a paradigm used to examine "Coolidge-like" effects in men, we examined the extent to which exposure to images of pornographic actresses altered men's attractiveness ratings of (1) familiar faces/bodies on second viewing and (2) familiar versus novel women's faces/bodies. Independent of slideshow content (pornographic versus clothed versions of same actress), heterosexual men were less attracted to familiar bodies, and homosexual men were less attracted to familiar women (faces and bodies), suggesting that mere visual exposure to attractive women moderated men's preferences. However, consistent with one of our preregistered predictions, heterosexual but not homosexual men's preferences for familiar versus novel women were moderated by slideshow content such that familiar women were less salient on the attractiveness dimension compared to novel women when sexual arousal was greater (pornographic versus clothed slideshows). In sum, our findings demonstrate that visual exposure/sexual arousal moderates attractiveness perceptions, albeit that much greater nuance is required considering earlier claims.
近年来,随着互联网的普及,色情内容也变得更加容易获取,这引发了社会科学界和道德方面对于潜在“媒体影响”的争论,因为人们发现色情内容的消费与各种性特征和行为之间存在关联。一个流行的公众争论(Wilson,2012)声称,互联网色情内容具有成瘾性,可能会影响男性的性关系,这是基于“库利奇效应”,即男性会被新伴侣的存在所激发性冲动。由于关于互联网和性成瘾的说法在科学上存在争议,我们提供了对他的提议的直接实验测试。我们改编了一个用于检验男性“库利奇效应”的范式,以检验暴露于色情女演员的图像是否会改变男性对(1)熟悉面孔/身体的吸引力评分,以及(2)熟悉与陌生女性的面孔/身体的吸引力评分。独立于幻灯片内容(色情与同一女演员的穿衣版本),异性恋男性对熟悉的身体吸引力降低,同性恋男性对熟悉的女性(面孔和身体)吸引力降低,这表明仅仅通过视觉暴露于有吸引力的女性就能调节男性的偏好。然而,与我们的一个预先注册预测一致,只有异性恋男性,而不是同性恋男性,对熟悉与陌生女性的偏好受到幻灯片内容的调节,即当性唤起增加时(色情与穿衣幻灯片),与陌生女性相比,熟悉女性在吸引力维度上的突出程度降低。总之,我们的研究结果表明,视觉暴露/性唤起调节了吸引力感知,尽管考虑到之前的说法,需要更多的细微差别。