邻里和家庭因素对移民儿童心理健康的影响：加拿大基于人群的横断面研究。
Neighbourhood and family correlates of immigrant children's mental health: a population-based cross-sectional study in Canada.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, The Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 5;22(1):447. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04096-7.
BACKGROUND
Immigrant children exhibit significant variation in their mental health outcomes despite disproportionate exposure to socio-economic adversity compared to their non-immigrant peers. Identifying aspects of neighbourhood and family contexts that are most salient for immigrant children's mental health can help to inform and target interventions to prevent mental disorder and promote mental well-being among this population.
METHODS
The study analyzed multi-informant data from 943 first- and second-generation immigrant caregiver and child dyads from the Hamilton Youth Study, a representative sample of immigrant and non-immigrant families in Hamilton, Ontario. Multivariate multilevel regression models examined associations between neighbourhood and family characteristics and processes, and parent and child self reports of internalizing and externalizing problems.
RESULTS
Positive and negative parenting behaviours were significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing problems, with negative parenting demonstrating associations with externalizing problems across both parent and child reports (b = 0.26-1.27). Neighbourhood social disorder and parental trauma exposure were associated with greater internalizing and externalizing problems, and neighbourhood immigrant concentration was associated with fewer externalizing problems for parent reports only. Adding parental distress and parenting behaviour to the models reduced the coefficients for parental trauma exposure by 37.2% for internalizing problems and 32.5% for externalizing problems and rendered the association with neighbourhood social disorder non-significant. Besides the parenting variables, there were no other significant correlates of child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems.
CONCLUSIONS
Results highlight the importance of parenting behaviour and parental experiences of trauma and distress for immigrant children's mental health. While not unique to immigrants, the primacy of these processes for immigrant children and families warrants particular attention given the heightened risk of exposure to migration-related adverse experiences that threaten parental and family well-being. To prevent or mitigate downstream effects on child mental health, it is imperative to invest in developing and testing trauma-informed and culturally responsive mental health and parenting interventions for immigrant families.
背景
尽管与非移民同龄人相比，移民儿童面临不成比例的社会经济逆境，但他们的心理健康结果存在显著差异。确定邻里和家庭环境中对移民儿童心理健康最相关的方面，可以帮助为预防该人群的精神障碍和促进心理健康提供信息和目标干预措施。
方法
该研究分析了来自安大略省汉密尔顿青年研究的 943 对第一代和第二代移民照顾者和儿童的多信息数据，这是一个具有代表性的移民和非移民家庭样本。多变量多层回归模型检验了邻里和家庭特征和过程以及父母和儿童自我报告的内化和外化问题之间的关联。
结果
积极和消极的育儿行为与内化和外化问题显著相关，消极的育儿行为与父母和儿童报告的外化问题均相关（b=0.26-1.27）。邻里社会混乱和父母创伤暴露与更多的内化和外化问题相关，而邻里移民集中与父母报告的外化问题较少相关。将父母痛苦和育儿行为添加到模型中，使内化问题的父母创伤暴露系数降低了 37.2%，使外化问题的父母创伤暴露系数降低了 32.5%，并使邻里社会混乱的关联变得不显著。除了育儿变量外，儿童报告的内化和外化问题没有其他显著相关因素。
结论
结果强调了育儿行为以及父母创伤和痛苦经历对移民儿童心理健康的重要性。虽然这些过程对移民儿童和家庭来说并非独特，但鉴于与移民相关的不良经历会威胁到父母和家庭的幸福，这些过程对移民儿童和家庭的首要地位需要特别关注。为了预防或减轻对儿童心理健康的下游影响，必须投资开发和测试针对移民家庭的创伤知情和文化响应的心理健康和育儿干预措施。
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