Clostridium species diversity in gut microbiota of patients with renal failure.

The Pathology of digestive tract has long been known to be correlated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The member of the major Firmicutes phylum especially Clostridium subcluster XIVa altered quantitatively and qualitatively in the gut microbiota of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and CKD. Therefore, in this study, the abundance of the species of Clostridium genus of Firmicutes phylum compared between intestine microbiota of patients with kidney failure and healthy individual. Fresh fecal specimens of 20 patients at different stages of CKD and 20 healthy individuals were collected. Bacterial DNA of samples were extracted to use for 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region. Next generation sequencing (NGS) method at MiSeq system was used to find the diversity of gut microbiota composition. Totally, 11 (1.68%) of 651 bacterial strains which were isolated from forty fecal samples of both healthy volunteers and CKD/ESRD patients, were identified as Clostridium species. Eight genera of 11 Clostridium genera were related to Clostridium sensu stricto, and 3 other genera were as follows Vallitalea, Acidaminobacter and Caloramator. Among both group, the highest abundance was dedicated to Clostridium celatum genera. Sarcina maxima were not identified. The composition of Clostridium spp. showed the same frequency among CKD/ESRD and healthy groups (p < 0.05). The abundance of Clostridium spp. is virtually the same and not differs among healthy individuals and CKD/ESRD patients. Results of the present indicate despite of critical role of gut microbiota, some pathogens and their metabolites have no role on hemostasis and pathogenesis of kidney disorders.