OsloMet, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
University of Oslo and OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Psychol. 2022 Dec;63(6):658-669. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12855. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
There is growing recognition that dispositional factors and social norms can predict work absence. Human values have been linked to related concepts, including work commitment and receipt of disability pension; however, there is a lack of research on whether human values are associated with sickness absence. We address this issue by combining survey data from two waves (2007, 2017) of the Norwegian Life-Course, Ageing and Generation Study (N = 1,330) with longitudinal register data on sickness absence between survey waves. Stepwise regression analyses showed that, out of Schwartz's 10 basic values, achievement was prospectively associated with higher levels of self-reported sick leave, even when controlling for a variety of potential confounders. Self-direction was also related to higher risk of self-reported sick leave in the adjusted analysis. Conservation values (security and conformity) were related to stricter attitudes toward sick leave when controlling for potential confounders, while stimulation was associated with lenient sick leave attitudes in the adjusted analysis. None of the human values were prospectively associated with longer-term register-based sick leave beyond bivariate correlations. We conclude that broad human values to some extent predict attitudes toward sick leave and self-certified sick leave where persons may vary according to which degree they consider sick leave to be necessary and appropriate, while human values do not predict long-term, physician-certified sickness absence. Future research may examine whether health- or work-specific values have greater explanatory power for sick leave, including long-term sickness absence that is typically more closely linked to more serious health problems.
越来越多的人认识到，性格因素和社会规范可以预测缺勤情况。人类价值观与相关概念（包括工作承诺和领取残疾抚恤金）有关；然而，关于人类价值观是否与病假有关的研究还很少。我们通过结合挪威生活历程、老龄化和代际研究（N=1330）在两个时间点（2007 年和 2017 年）的调查数据和调查期间病假的纵向登记数据，解决了这个问题。逐步回归分析表明，在施瓦茨的 10 种基本价值观中，成就与自我报告的病假缺勤率呈前瞻性相关，即使在控制了多种潜在混杂因素后也是如此。自我导向在调整后的分析中也与自我报告的病假缺勤风险相关。在控制潜在混杂因素后，保护价值观（安全和一致性）与对病假的更严格态度有关，而刺激与调整后的分析中宽松的病假态度有关。在双变量相关性之外，没有任何一种人类价值观与基于登记的长期病假有前瞻性关联。我们的结论是，广泛的人类价值观在一定程度上预测了对病假和自我认证病假的态度，在这些情况下，人们可能会根据他们认为病假是否必要和适当的程度而有所不同，而人类价值观并不能预测长期的、医生认证的疾病缺勤。未来的研究可能会检验健康或工作特定的价值观是否对病假（包括与更严重的健康问题更密切相关的长期病假）具有更大的解释力。
