Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
J Adv Nurs. 2022 Oct;78(10):3304-3319. doi: 10.1111/jan.15309. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
This study explores how women diagnosed with breast cancer may be supported by physicians and nurses during physical and existential changes related to oncoplastic breast surgery in Denmark. The following research questions were addressed: (a) how do women experience oncoplastic breast surgery, and (b) how does cancer treatment affect their body image?
A descriptive qualitative study design with a six-step thematic analysis influenced by Braun and Clarke was applied in this study. This paper has been prepared in accordance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.
Fourteen in-depth interviews with seven women diagnosed with breast cancer were conducted from August 2018 to March 2019. In this qualitative study, data analysis was performed concurrent with data construction, recognizing that the process of analysis and making sense of data should start during the interviews. We explicitly frame the discussion of the findings in a theory of embodiment influenced by Merleau-Ponty, consistent with the construct of exploring human experiences to generate meaningful knowledge for applied practice.
Two overall themes with related subthemes were identified: (1) 'Treatment is required for life-threatening cancer', and (2) 'Striving for a new normal body'. Across both themes, women's experiences reflected a 'time pendulum' as they contemplated their past identity, their current rationale and their transition to a future beyond breast cancer with a changed body.
Participants reflected on their past, present and future when facing an altered body image caused by their breast cancer diagnosis and oncoplastic breast surgery. The participants in the study expressed broad levels of satisfaction with the results of the oncoplastic breast surgery. The reconstructed breast helped them to live normally again, in particular maintaining interpersonal relationships. Breast reconstruction supported participants' embodiment experiences and redefinition of their 'new normal'.
This study showed the dynamic changes in self-definition from receiving a breast cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment to oncoplastic breast surgery. The main finding of self-redefinition was from the perspective of breast cancer women who were in a period of transition between post-diagnosis and consultation for oncoplastic breast surgery. The findings indicate that advanced nurse specialists in the field of oncoplastic breast surgery can enhance psychosocial wellbeing and support women pre- and post-operatively by focusing on patient experiences of self-image and embodiment.
本研究旨在探讨丹麦女性在接受肿瘤整形乳房手术后，身体和生存状态发生变化时，医生和护士如何为其提供支持。本研究提出了以下两个问题：（a）女性如何体验肿瘤整形乳房手术；（b）癌症治疗如何影响其身体形象。
本研究采用描述性定性研究设计，受 Braun 和 Clarke 的影响，采用六步主题分析。本文根据定性研究报告的统一标准编写。
2018 年 8 月至 2019 年 3 月，对 7 名确诊乳腺癌的女性进行了 14 次深入访谈。在这项定性研究中，数据分析与数据构建同时进行，认识到分析和理解数据的过程应在访谈中开始。我们明确地将受 Merleau-Ponty 影响的身体理论框架融入到发现的讨论中，与探索人类经验以产生适用于实践的有意义知识的构建一致。
确定了两个总体主题和相关的子主题：（1）“需要治疗危及生命的癌症”；（2）“努力恢复正常的身体”。在这两个主题中，女性的经历反映了一个“时间钟摆”，因为她们思考过去的身份、当前的理由以及过渡到未来，拥有一个改变了的身体，远离乳腺癌。
参与者在面对乳腺癌诊断和肿瘤整形乳房手术后的身体形象改变时，会反思自己的过去、现在和未来。研究参与者对肿瘤整形乳房手术的结果表示了广泛的满意。重建的乳房帮助他们再次正常生活，特别是维持人际关系。乳房重建支持参与者的身体体验和“新正常”的重新定义。
本研究显示了从乳腺癌诊断和癌症治疗到肿瘤整形乳房手术自我定义的动态变化。自我定义的主要发现是从正在经历诊断后阶段和肿瘤整形乳房手术咨询阶段过渡的乳腺癌女性的角度出发的。研究结果表明，肿瘤整形乳房手术领域的高级护士专家可以通过关注患者对自身形象和身体的体验，在术前和术后增强女性的社会心理幸福感并为其提供支持。
