MacGregor G A
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;23 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):21S-26S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03119.x.
There is controversy about the efficacy of sodium restriction in the treatment of hypertension. Short-term restriction of sodium intake in normotensive subjects causes little or no fall in blood pressure. This lack of response of blood pressure to sodium restriction appears to be due, at least in part, to a reactive rise in renin and angiotensin II. In patients with essential hypertension there is suppression of the renin-angiotensin system particularly as blood pressure becomes more severe. With sodium restriction there is less of a rise in renin and angiotensin II compared with normotensive subjects and patients have a greater fall in blood pressure compared with normotensive subjects but the effect is less in mild compared to severe hypertension. As the formation of angiotensin II can now be blocked by the use of a converting enzyme inhibitor, the combination of moderate salt restriction in conjunction with a converting enzyme inhibitor is likely to be more effective in lowering blood pressure than either treatment on its own.
钠限制在高血压治疗中的疗效存在争议。血压正常的受试者短期限制钠摄入对血压影响很小或无影响。血压对钠限制缺乏反应似乎至少部分是由于肾素和血管紧张素II的反应性升高。在原发性高血压患者中，肾素-血管紧张素系统受到抑制，尤其是血压变得更严重时。与血压正常的受试者相比，钠限制时肾素和血管紧张素II的升高幅度较小，与血压正常的受试者相比，患者的血压下降幅度更大，但与重度高血压相比，轻度高血压的效果较小。由于现在可以使用转换酶抑制剂阻断血管紧张素II的形成，适度限盐与转换酶抑制剂联合使用可能比单独使用任何一种治疗方法在降低血压方面更有效。
