Richards A M, Nicholls M G, Espiner E A, Ikram H, Maslowski A H, Hamilton E J, Wells J E
Lancet. 1984 Apr 7;1(8380):757-61. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91276-5.
To determine whether moderate restriction of dietary sodium content or supplementation of potassium intake reduces blood-pressure in patients with mild essential hypertension, twelve patients were put on three different diets--a control diet (180 mmol sodium/day), a sodium restricted diet (80 mmol/day). Each diet was taken for at least 4 weeks and the sequence of the regimens was randomised. At the completion of each regimen intra-arterial pressure was recorded continuously, and vasoactive hormones were measured hourly, for 24 h, under standardised conditions, in hospital. Compared with the control diet, sodium restriction was associated with lower blood-pressure readings in seven patients, higher levels in five, and an overall reduction in mean pressures of only 4.0/3.0 mm Hg (not significant). Individual differences in blood-pressure between these two diets correlated closely with concomitant differences in plasma renin activity (r = 0.75). Potassium supplementation also resulted in variable changes in arterial pressure, and the mean difference in pressure recordings (0.1/0.8 mm Hg) was insignificant. The results show that moderate restriction of sodium intake or supplementation of dietary potassium has variable effects on arterial pressure in individuals with mild essential hypertension, and that overall the blood-pressure changes induced are very small. Responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin system may limit the fall in blood-pressure induced by sodium restriction.
为了确定适度限制饮食中的钠含量或补充钾摄入量是否能降低轻度原发性高血压患者的血压，12名患者采用了三种不同的饮食方案——对照饮食（每天180 mmol钠）、限钠饮食（每天80 mmol）。每种饮食方案至少持续4周，且方案顺序是随机的。在每种方案结束时，在医院标准化条件下，连续记录动脉内压力，并每小时测量血管活性激素，持续24小时。与对照饮食相比，限钠饮食使7名患者的血压读数降低，5名患者升高，平均压力总体仅降低4.0/3.0 mmHg（无统计学意义）。这两种饮食之间的个体血压差异与血浆肾素活性的相应差异密切相关（r = 0.75）。补充钾也导致动脉压出现不同变化，压力记录的平均差异（0.1/0.8 mmHg）无统计学意义。结果表明，适度限制钠摄入量或补充饮食中的钾对轻度原发性高血压个体的动脉压有不同影响，总体而言，引起的血压变化非常小。肾素 - 血管紧张素系统的反应性可能会限制限钠引起的血压下降。
