Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; email:
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; email:
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2022 Jul 8;45:151-175. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091421-125115.
The cerebellar cortex is an important system for relating neural circuits and learning. Its promise reflects the longstanding idea that it contains simple, repeated circuit modules with only a few cell types and a single plasticity mechanism that mediates learning according to classical Marr-Albus models. However, emerging data have revealed surprising diversity in neuron types, synaptic connections, and plasticity mechanisms, both locally and regionally within the cerebellar cortex. In light of these findings, it is not surprising that attempts to generate a holistic model of cerebellar learning across different behaviors have not been successful. While the cerebellum remains an ideal system for linking neuronal function with behavior, it is necessary to update the cerebellar circuit framework to achieve its great promise. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of cerebellar-cortical cell types, synaptic connections, signaling mechanisms, and forms of plasticity that enrich cerebellar processing.
小脑皮层是一个将神经回路和学习联系起来的重要系统。它的前景反映了一个长期存在的观点，即它包含简单、重复的电路模块，只有少数几种细胞类型和一种单一的可塑性机制，根据经典的 Marr-Albus 模型介导学习。然而，新出现的数据揭示了小脑皮层内局部和区域的神经元类型、突触连接和可塑性机制的惊人多样性。鉴于这些发现，试图在不同行为中生成一个整体的小脑学习模型的尝试没有成功也就不足为奇了。虽然小脑仍然是将神经元功能与行为联系起来的理想系统，但有必要更新小脑回路框架以实现其巨大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近在理解小脑-皮层细胞类型、突触连接、信号机制和丰富小脑处理的可塑性形式方面的进展。
