Biomedical Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Technological Park of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
CIBERfes, Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 4;23(13):7438. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137438.
The zebrafish has become an excellent model for the study of human diseases because it offers many advantages over other vertebrate animal models. The pineal gland, as well as the biological clock and circadian rhythms, are highly conserved in zebrafish, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland and in most organs and tissues of the body. Zebrafish have several copies of the clock genes and of and genes, the latter involved in melatonin synthesis. As in mammals, melatonin can act through its membrane receptors, as with zebrafish, and through mechanisms that are independent of receptors. Pineal melatonin regulates peripheral clocks and the circadian rhythms of the body, such as the sleep/wake rhythm, among others. Extrapineal melatonin functions include antioxidant activity, inducing the endogenous antioxidants enzymes, scavenging activity, removing free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity through the regulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and a homeostatic role in mitochondria. In this review, we introduce the utility of zebrafish to analyze the mechanisms of action of melatonin. The data here presented showed that the zebrafish is a useful model to study human diseases and that melatonin exerts beneficial effects on many pathophysiological processes involved in these diseases.
斑马鱼已成为研究人类疾病的优秀模型，因为它相对于其他脊椎动物模型具有许多优势。松果腺以及生物钟和昼夜节律在斑马鱼中高度保守，褪黑素在松果腺和身体的大多数器官和组织中产生。斑马鱼有几个时钟基因和 基因的副本，后者参与褪黑素的合成。与哺乳动物一样，褪黑素可以通过其膜受体起作用，而在斑马鱼中，褪黑素可以通过受体非依赖的机制起作用。松果腺褪黑素调节外周时钟和身体的昼夜节律，例如睡眠/觉醒节律等。非松果腺褪黑素的功能包括抗氧化活性、诱导内源性抗氧化酶、清除活性、清除自由基、通过调节 NF-κB/NLRP3 炎性小体途径发挥抗炎活性以及在线粒体中发挥动态平衡作用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了斑马鱼在分析褪黑素作用机制中的应用。这里呈现的数据表明，斑马鱼是研究人类疾病的有用模型，并且褪黑素对许多涉及这些疾病的病理生理过程具有有益的影响。
