Kusumavathi Konathala, Sarkar Smritikana, Ali Md Anwar, Bera Shilpi, Krishna V V S Jaya, Maity Shrabanti, Devi Naorem Meena, Bandopadhyay Pintoo
Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, 741252, West Bengal, India.
Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS), Ranchi, 834001, Jharkhand, India.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Mar 24;25(1):372. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06369-1.
Modern agricultural systems demand an integrative approach to address the challenges of food security, resource conservation and sustainability. Balancing the demands for increased food production with the imperative to conserve vital resources has never been more pressing. This study investigates the dynamic interplay between crop establishment methods and weed management practices in the cultivation of Kharif rice followed by chickpea in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Various properties of soil physio-chemical and biological were significantly influenced by different crop establishment methods and weed management practices in the rice-chickpea cropping system. Physical properties like bulk and particle density were reported the highest in transplanted under puddled treatment after harvest of rice (1.44 Mg m and 2.53 Mg m) and chickpea (1.46 Mg m and 2.54 Mg m) while the MWHC was maximum (56%) in unpuddled soils than in puddled soils. Various chemical properties like OC reported the highest in transplanted under unpuddled after harvest of rice (5.19 g kg) and after harvest of chickpea (5.23 g kg) found maximum in Wet-DSR under unpuddled. Other properties like available N, P and K recorded the maximum values in unpuddled Wet-DSR. After each crop harvest, microbial population and biomass of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and the activity of enzymes like dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase recorded the highest in unpuddled Wet-DSR treatment. Among weed management practices, MWHC, all chemical and biological properties reported the maximum in intercropping with Sesbania for after harvest of rice while in case of after chickpea harvest, found in mulching with paddy straw.The bulk and particle density reported maximum in weed-free plots after each crop harvest.
现代农业系统需要一种综合方法来应对粮食安全、资源保护和可持续性方面的挑战。在增加粮食产量的需求与保护重要资源的迫切要求之间取得平衡，从未像现在这样紧迫。本研究调查了2019 - 2020年和2020 - 2021年种植夏播水稻后再种鹰嘴豆的过程中，作物种植方法与杂草管理措施之间的动态相互作用。在稻 - 鹰嘴豆种植系统中，不同的作物种植方法和杂草管理措施对土壤的各种物理、化学和生物学性质产生了显著影响。在水稻收获后进行水整地处理的移栽种植方式下，土壤容重和颗粒密度等物理性质在水稻（1.44 Mg/m³和2.53 Mg/m³）和鹰嘴豆（1.46 Mg/m³和2.54 Mg/m³）收获后最高，而非水整地土壤的最大持水量（MWHC）比水整地土壤高（56%）。在水稻收获后，非水整地移栽种植方式下的有机碳（OC）等各种化学性质最高（5.19 g/kg），鹰嘴豆收获后，非水整地湿直播稻（Wet - DSR）中的OC最高（5.23 g/kg）。有效氮、磷、钾等其他性质在非水整地湿直播稻中记录到最大值。每次作物收获后，非水整地湿直播稻处理中的微生物数量、碳、氮、磷生物量以及脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶等酶的活性最高。在杂草管理措施中，水稻收获后与田菁间作时，MWHC以及所有化学和生物学性质最高，而在鹰嘴豆收获后，稻草覆盖时这些性质最高。每次作物收获后，无杂草地块的容重和颗粒密度最高。
