Bo Poe Thinzar, Dong Yongli, Zhang Ruifang, Soe Htet Maw Ni, Hai Jiangbo
State Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in Northwestern Loess Plateau, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;11(13):1752. doi: 10.3390/plants11131752.
Forage has a significant association with animal nutrition because it is an essential part of milk and meat production in the livestock industry. Thus, for the production of high-quality forage, cereal-legume mixed cropping is an efficient method for meat and milk production in the livestock sector. In a two-year experiment between 2020 and 2021, the forage yield, nutritional compositions, amino acid profile, and forage quality were evaluated in the mixed cropping of winter wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa. In this study, a split-plot design with a randomized block design was employed with three sampling replicates. Cultivars were harvested at three maturity stages, namely, flowering, milk, and soft dough, depending on the wheat growth stage. The experimental results show that wheat 2 (Baomai 9)-alfalfa and ryegrass-alfalfa mixed cropping produced higher fresh biomass output than mono-cropping of wheat and ryegrass harvested at the flowering stage. Furthermore, the dry matter (DM) percentage range increased from 20.18% to 36.39%. By contrast, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively. Ryegrass-alfalfa mixing yielded higher values of mineral compositions, and T5 (Baomai 9-alfalfa) generally achieved more extraordinary amino acid compositions. The results demonstrate that wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa mixed cropping, and harvesting at the flowering period produces high-quality forage. Additionally, mixed cropping with alfalfa remarkably affected forage quality parameters, while mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively. Thus, the mixed-cropping of wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa forage is recommended for its maximized quality forage production and nutritional values in livestock feedstuff.
饲料与动物营养密切相关，因为它是畜牧业牛奶和肉类生产的重要组成部分。因此，为了生产高质量的饲料，谷物-豆科植物混合作物种植是畜牧业肉类和牛奶生产的一种有效方法。在2020年至2021年的两年实验中，对冬小麦和黑麦草与苜蓿混合作物种植的饲料产量、营养成分、氨基酸谱和饲料质量进行了评估。在本研究中，采用了裂区设计和随机区组设计，进行了三次采样重复。根据小麦生长阶段，在三个成熟阶段收获品种，即开花期、乳熟期和软面团期。实验结果表明，小麦2（宝麦9）-苜蓿和黑麦草-苜蓿混合作物种植在开花期收获时，其新鲜生物量产量高于小麦和黑麦草的单作。此外，干物质（DM）百分比范围从20.18%增加到36.39%。相比之下，开花期的粗蛋白、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量高于其他收获阶段，其DM值分别为14.28%、34.12%、55.06%和32.55%。黑麦草-苜蓿混合作物种植的矿物质成分含量较高，T5（宝麦9-苜蓿）通常具有更优异的氨基酸组成。结果表明，小麦和黑麦草与苜蓿混合作物种植，并在开花期收获可生产出高质量的饲料。此外，与苜蓿混合作物种植显著影响饲料质量参数，而小麦品种2（宝麦9）与苜蓿混合作物种植的干物质摄入量、可消化干物质、相对饲料价值、总可消化养分、相对饲料质量和质量指数值最高，分别为2.56、68.54、136.49、60.50、127.41和1.69。因此，建议将小麦和黑麦草与苜蓿饲料混合作物种植，以实现其在牲畜饲料中最大化的优质饲料生产和营养价值。
