Ramos Ygor Jessé, Felisberto Jéssica Sales, Gouvêa-Silva João Gabriel, de Souza Ulisses Carvalho, da Costa-Oliveira Claudete, de Queiroz George Azevedo, Guimarães Elsie Franklin, Sadgrove Nicholas John, de Lima Moreira Davyson
Natural Products and Biochemistry Laboratory, Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil.
Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 4;11(13):1771. doi: 10.3390/plants11131771.
This study tested the hypothesis that "clonal chemical heritability is a crucial factor for the conservation of chemical uniformity of essential oils in controlled monoclonal cultivation". We asexually propagated first and second-generation clones of two medicinal and aromatic species, Kunth and Kunth (Piperaceae), for use as experimental models since they show high chemical plasticity in the wild. Leaves from wild specimens of both species, and their respective cultivated specimens, were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce essential oils (EOs). EOs were chemically characterised by GC-MS and GC-FID. The analysis identified 63 compounds in EO of , which were predominantly monoterpenes, and 59 in EO of , which were predominantly sesquiterpenes. Evaluation of chemical diversity and oxi-reduction indices showed a loss of chemical homology across the intergenerational cline. Chemometric analysis indicated higher chemical plasticity between wild and intergenerational specimens of , than for . EO compounds were significantly less oxidized throughout the generations in both species. Therefore, while clonal heritability is crucial to chemical homology, significant chemical plasticity is likely to occur when cultivated from wild specimens.
本研究验证了“克隆化学遗传性是在可控单克隆栽培中保持香精油化学一致性的关键因素”这一假设。我们对两种药用和芳香植物（胡椒科的卡氏胡椒和三叶胡椒）的第一代和第二代克隆体进行了无性繁殖，将其用作实验模型，因为它们在野生环境中表现出高度的化学可塑性。从这两个物种的野生样本及其各自的栽培样本上采集叶子，在克利夫兰式仪器中进行水蒸馏以提取香精油（EOs）。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）和气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）对香精油进行化学表征。分析确定了卡氏胡椒香精油中的63种化合物，主要为单萜类化合物，以及三叶胡椒香精油中的59种化合物，主要为倍半萜类化合物。对化学多样性和氧化还原指数的评估表明，跨代谱系中化学同源性有所丧失。化学计量分析表明，卡氏胡椒的野生样本与代际样本之间的化学可塑性高于三叶胡椒。在这两个物种的所有世代中，香精油化合物的氧化程度均显著较低。因此，虽然克隆遗传性对化学同源性至关重要，但从野生样本培育时可能会出现显著的化学可塑性。
