Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 21;14(13):2558. doi: 10.3390/nu14132558.
While the history of nutrition support dates to the ancient world, modern home parenteral and enteral nutrition (HPEN) has been available since the 1960s. Home enteral nutrition is primarily for patients in whom there is a reduction in oral intake below the amount needed to maintain nutrition or hydration (i.e., oral failure), whereas home parenteral nutrition is used for patients when oral-enteral nutrition is temporarily or permanently impossible or absorption insufficient to maintain nutrition or hydration (i.e., intestinal failure). The development of home delivery of these therapies has revolutionized the field of clinical nutrition. The use of HPEN appears to be increasing on a global scale, and because of this, it is important for healthcare providers to understand all that HPEN entails to provide safe, efficacious, and cost-effective support to the HPEN patient. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the indications, patient requirements, monitoring, complications, and overall process of managing these therapies at home. Whereas some of the information in this article may be applicable to the pediatric patient, the focus is on the adult population.
虽然营养支持的历史可以追溯到古代，但现代家庭肠外和肠内营养（HPEN）自 20 世纪 60 年代以来就已经存在。家庭肠内营养主要用于那些口服摄入量低于维持营养或水合所需量的患者（即口服功能衰竭），而家庭肠外营养则用于那些暂时或永久无法进行口服-肠内营养或吸收不足以维持营养或水合的患者（即肠道衰竭）。这些治疗方法的家庭输送的发展彻底改变了临床营养领域。HPEN 的使用似乎在全球范围内呈上升趋势，因此，医疗保健提供者了解 HPEN 所涉及的所有内容以向 HPEN 患者提供安全、有效和具有成本效益的支持非常重要。在本文中，我们全面回顾了这些治疗方法的适应症、患者要求、监测、并发症和整体管理过程。虽然本文中的一些信息可能适用于儿科患者，但重点是成年人群体。
