Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, General Surgery Unit with Intestinal Failure Center, 32-050 Skawina, Poland.
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 14;12(7):2087. doi: 10.3390/nu12072087.
Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is an important part of the health care system, with a growing population of patients around the world. The aim of our study was to analyze one of the largest cohorts of HEN patients to provide the most recent data available in European literature. A multicenter, nation-wide survey in the period of 1 January 2018-1 January 2019 was performed in Poland. Data concerning adult patients on HEN in 2018 during 1 year of observation time were analyzed: demographic characteristics, primary disease, technique of enteral feeding, diet formulation and amount of energy provided. A total of 4586 HEN patients (F: 46.7%, M: 53.3%) were included in the study. The primary diseases were: 54.5% neurological (17.4%-neurovascular, 13.7%-neurodegenerative), 33.9% cancer (20.2%-head and neck, 11.7%-gastrointestinal cancer), 2.5%-gastroenterology, 1.5%-inherited diseases. Of new registrations in 2018-cancer patients 46.3%, neurological patients 45.1%. The median age overall was: 64 yr., BMI-20.2 kg/m, NRS 2002 score-4.28. A total of 65% of patients were treated with PEG, 11.6% with surgical gastrostomy, 14.3% with naso-gastric tube and 7% with jejunostomy. Boluses were the most common method of feeding (74.4%). Gravity flow was used in 17.6% and peristaltic pump was used in 8% patients. The median energy provision was 1278 kcal/day and 24 kcal/kg/day. The most commonly used diets were: isocaloric (28.1%), protein-enriched isocaloric (20%) and protein-enriched hypercaloric (12%). The median overall duration of HEN was 354 days, 615 days for neurological and 209 days for cancer patients. A number of new registrations of cancer patients was significant and long duration of HEN in this group is encouraging. A developing spectrum of enteral formulas available enables more specified nutritional interventions.
家庭肠内营养（HEN）是医疗保健系统的重要组成部分，全世界有越来越多的患者。我们的研究目的是分析最大的 HEN 患者队列之一，以提供欧洲文献中最新的数据。2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 1 月 1 日期间，在波兰进行了一项多中心、全国性的调查。对 2018 年观察期内 1 年内接受 HEN 的成年患者的数据进行了分析：人口统计学特征、原发疾病、肠内喂养技术、饮食配方和提供的能量。共纳入 4586 名 HEN 患者（F：46.7%，M：53.3%）。主要疾病为：54.5%为神经疾病（17.4%-血管性，13.7%-神经退行性），33.9%为癌症（20.2%-头颈部，11.7%-胃肠道癌症），2.5%-胃肠道疾病，1.5%-遗传性疾病。2018 年新登记的患者中，癌症患者占 46.3%，神经疾病患者占 45.1%。总体中位年龄为：64 岁，BMI-20.2kg/m，NRS2002 评分-4.28。共有 65%的患者接受 PEG 治疗，11.6%接受手术胃造口术，14.3%接受鼻胃管，7%接受空肠造口术。推注是最常见的喂养方法（74.4%）。重力流用于 17.6%的患者，蠕动泵用于 8%的患者。中位能量供给为 1278kcal/天和 24kcal/kg/天。最常用的饮食为：等热量（28.1%）、高蛋白等热量（20%）和高蛋白高热量（12%）。HEN 的总中位持续时间为 354 天，神经疾病为 615 天，癌症为 209 天。癌症患者的新登记数量显著增加，这一人群中 HEN 的持续时间较长令人鼓舞。目前可获得的肠内配方种类不断增加，能够进行更有针对性的营养干预。
