Kugedera Andrew Tapiwa, Nyamadzawo George, Mandumbu Ronald
Department of Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag, 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
Department of Agribusiness and Continuing Education, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box, MP167, Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun 28;8(7):e09826. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09826. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Food security in semi-arid regions is threatened by declining soil fertility, soil moisture stress and long frequent droughts as a result of erratic rainfall. Therefore we assessed the effects of augmenting biomass (organic manure) with mineral fertiliser on rainwater use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, grain and stover yields for two sorghum varieties (Macia and SV1) under rainwater harvesting techniques. The experiment was laid in split-split plot arrangement with rainwater harvesting method as main plot factor, with biomass + NPK fertiliser as subplot factor and sorghum variety as sub-sub plot factor over three cropping seasons. Data collected include rainwater use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, grain and stover yields. Results show that tied contours have significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher grain and stover yields from all varieties and seasons. Irregardless of sorghum variety, tied contours had significant (p ≤ 0.05) sorghum grain and stover yield followed by infiltration pits and lastly standard contours. Grain and stover yields improved with increasing levels of biomass + NPK fertiliser combination. Highest grain yields observed were 1.146 t ha (Macia) and 1.1 t ha (SV1) from tied contour +15 t ha biomass +150 kg ha NPK fertiliser treatments. Rainwater use efficiency was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher from tied contours compared to infiltration pits and standard contour. Rainwater use efficiency was statistically (p ≤ 0.05) influenced by increasing application levels of biomass + NPK fertiliser in all seasons. Agronomic efficiencies were considerably (p ≤ 0.05) affected by rainwater harvesting, biomass + NPK fertiliser and interaction of all factors. It can therefore be concluded that biomass + NPK fertiliser, tied contours and infiltration pits improve sorghum yields. Augmenting 2.5 t ha biomass with 25 kg ha NPK fertiliser under tied contours and Macia have better agronomic efficiency.
半干旱地区的粮食安全受到土壤肥力下降、土壤水分胁迫以及降雨不稳定导致的长期频繁干旱的威胁。因此，我们评估了在雨水收集技术下，添加生物质（有机肥）和矿物肥料对两个高粱品种（马西亚和SV1）的雨水利用效率、农艺效率、籽粒和秸秆产量的影响。试验采用裂区裂区设计，雨水收集方法为主区因素，生物质+氮磷钾肥料为副区因素，高粱品种为副副区因素，进行了三个种植季节。收集的数据包括雨水利用效率、农艺效率、籽粒和秸秆产量。结果表明，等高固埂在所有品种和季节的籽粒和秸秆产量均显著更高（p≤0.05）。无论高粱品种如何，等高固埂的高粱籽粒和秸秆产量显著（p≤0.05），其次是入渗坑，最后是标准等高线。籽粒和秸秆产量随着生物质+氮磷钾肥料组合水平的提高而增加。观察到的最高籽粒产量分别为等高固埂+15吨/公顷生物质+150公斤/公顷氮磷钾肥料处理下的1.146吨/公顷（马西亚）和1.1吨/公顷（SV1）。与入渗坑和标准等高线相比，等高固埂的雨水利用效率显著更高（p≤0.05）。在所有季节，雨水利用效率在统计学上（p≤0.05）受生物质+氮磷钾肥料施用量增加的影响。农艺效率在很大程度上（p≤0.05）受雨水收集、生物质+氮磷钾肥料以及所有因素相互作用的影响。因此可以得出结论，生物质+氮磷钾肥料、等高固埂和入渗坑可提高高粱产量。在等高固埂条件下，用25公斤/公顷氮磷钾肥料补充2.5吨/公顷生物质，种植马西亚品种具有更好的农艺效率。
