Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, CHU of Liege, B35, 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, CHU of Liege, B35, 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 2):113852. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113852. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
A human biomonitoring study was carried out in 2015 within an adult population living in Liege (Belgium). Some phthalate metabolites and parabens were measured in the urine of 252 participants, and information were collected about their food habits, life styles and home environment to identify some predictors of exposure. Concomitantly, an awareness campaign was initiated by the Provincial Authorities of Liege and spread over 2 years. Three years later (2018), 92 of the initial participants provided again urine samples, and the levels of phthalate metabolites, phthalate substitute (DINCH), parabens, bisphenol-A and bisphenol alternatives (bisphenol-S, -F, -Z, -P) were determined and compared to those obtained in 2015 to assess time trends. In 2015, methyl- and ethylparaben were the most abundant parabens (P50 = 9.12 μg/L and 1.1 μg/L respectively), while propyl- and butylparaben were sparsely detected. Except for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and 6-OH-mono-propyl-heptyl phthalate, all other targeted phthalate metabolites were positively quantified in most of the urine samples (between 89 and 98%) with median concentrations ranging between 2.7 μg/L and 21.3 μg/L depending on the metabolite. The multivariate regression models highlighted some significant associations between urinary phthalate metabolite or paraben levels and age, rural or urban character of the residence place, and the use of some personal care products. However, all determination coefficients were weak meaning that the usual covariates included in the models only explained a small part of the variance. Between 2015 and 2018, levels of parabens and phthalate metabolites significantly decreased (from 1.3 to 2.5 fold) except for monoethyl phthalate which seemed to remain quite constant. Contrariwise, all bisphenol alternatives and DINCH metabolites were measured in higher concentrations in 2018 vs 2015 while BPA levels did not differ significantly. However, it was not feasible to unequivocally highlight an impact of the awareness campaign on the exposure levels of the population.
2015 年，在列日（比利时）的成年人群体中开展了一项人体生物监测研究。在 252 名参与者的尿液中测量了一些邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物和防腐剂，并收集了有关他们的饮食习惯、生活方式和家庭环境的信息，以确定一些暴露因素。同时，列日省当局发起了一项宣传活动，持续了两年。三年后（2018 年），最初的 92 名参与者再次提供了尿液样本，测定了邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物、邻苯二甲酸酯替代品（DINCH）、防腐剂、双酚 A 和双酚替代物（双酚 S、F、Z、P）的水平，并将其与 2015 年的结果进行了比较，以评估时间趋势。2015 年，甲基和乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯是最丰富的防腐剂（P50 分别为 9.12μg/L 和 1.1μg/L），而丙基和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯则很少被检测到。除了单 2-乙基己基邻苯二甲酸酯和 6-OH-单丙基庚基邻苯二甲酸酯外，所有其他目标邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物都在大多数尿液样本中被定量（89%至 98%之间），中位数浓度范围在 2.7μg/L 至 21.3μg/L 之间，具体取决于代谢物。多元回归模型突出了尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物或对羟基苯甲酸酯水平与年龄、居住地的农村或城市特征以及一些个人护理产品的使用之间的一些显著关联。然而，所有决定系数都很弱，这意味着模型中包含的常用协变量仅解释了很小一部分方差。2015 年至 2018 年间，除了单乙基邻苯二甲酸酯似乎保持相当稳定外，防腐剂和邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的水平显著下降（从 1.3 倍到 2.5 倍）。相反，2018 年所有双酚替代物和 DINCH 代谢物的浓度均高于 2015 年，而 BPA 水平差异无统计学意义。然而，不能明确地强调宣传活动对人群暴露水平的影响。
