Salehi Arash, Puchalski Keely, Shokoohinia Yalda, Zolfaghari Behzad, Asgary Sedigheh
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 27;13:906038. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906038. eCollection 2022.
"Hemp" refers to non-intoxicating, low delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) cultivars of L. "Marijuana" refers to cultivars with high levels of Δ9-THC, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in the plant and a federally controlled substance used for both recreational and therapeutic purposes. Although marijuana and hemp belong to the same genus and species, they differ in terms of chemical and genetic composition, production practices, product uses, and regulatory status. Hemp seed and hemp seed oil have been shown to have valuable nutritional capacity. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid with a wide therapeutic index and acceptable side effect profile, has demonstrated high medicinal potential in some conditions. Several countries and states have facilitated the use of THC-dominant medical cannabis for certain conditions, while other countries continue to ban all forms of cannabis regardless of cannabinoid profile or low psychoactive potential. Today, differentiating between hemp and marijuana in the laboratory is no longer a difficult process. Certain thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods can rapidly screen for cannabinoids, and several gas and liquid chromatography techniques have been developed for precise quantification of phytocannabinoids in plant extracts and biological samples. Geographic regulations and testing guidelines for cannabis continue to evolve. As they are improved and clarified, we can better employ the appropriate applications of this uniquely versatile plant from an informed scientific perspective.
“大麻”指的是低Δ9-四氢大麻酚（Δ9-THC）含量、不具有致幻作用的大麻品种。“ marijuana”指的是Δ9-THC含量高的品种，Δ9-THC是该植物中主要的具有精神活性的大麻素，是一种用于娱乐和治疗目的的联邦管制物质。尽管marijuana和大麻属于同一属和种，但它们在化学和基因组成、生产方式、产品用途以及监管状态方面存在差异。大麻籽和大麻籽油已被证明具有宝贵的营养能力。大麻二酚（CBD）是一种不具有致幻作用的植物大麻素，具有广泛的治疗指数和可接受的副作用，在某些情况下已显示出很高的药用潜力。一些国家和州已放宽了对以THC为主的医用大麻在某些病症上的使用限制，而其他国家则继续禁止所有形式的大麻，无论其大麻素成分或低精神活性潜力如何。如今，在实验室中区分大麻和marijuana已不再困难。某些薄层色谱（TLC）方法可以快速筛选大麻素，并且已经开发出几种气相和液相色谱技术来精确定量植物提取物和生物样品中的植物大麻素。大麻的地理法规和检测指南仍在不断发展。随着它们的完善和明确，我们可以从明智的科学角度更好地利用这种独特的多功能植物的适当应用。
