Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq.
J Med Virol. 2022 Nov;94(11):5128-5148. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28000. Epub 2022 Jul 23.
The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4 T, CD8 T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID-19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in-depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
免疫系统与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）之间的精确相互作用对于解析 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的发病机制至关重要，对于开发新型治疗工具（包括单克隆抗体、抗病毒药物和疫苗）也至关重要。病毒感染需要先天和适应性免疫反应，因为各种免疫成分（如中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、CD4T、CD8T 和 B 淋巴细胞）在各种感染中发挥不同的作用。因此，对 SARS-CoV-2 的先天和适应性免疫反应进行特征分析对于确定 COVID-19 的致病性至关重要。在这项研究中，我们解释了目前对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的常规免疫反应的理解，以阐明在这种情况下免疫反应的保护和致病作用。此外，我们特别研究了其他免疫介质（包括中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶、血清淀粉样蛋白 A 和 syndecan）在 COVID-19 免疫发病机制中的深入作用。
