School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Chem Rev. 2022 Aug 10;122(15):13043-13107. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00002. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
Chemomechanics is an old subject, yet its importance has been revived in rechargeable batteries where the mechanical energy and damage associated with redox reactions can significantly affect both the thermodynamics and rates of key electrochemical processes. Thanks to the push for clean energy and advances in characterization capabilities, significant research efforts in the last two decades have brought about a leap forward in understanding the intricate chemomechanical interactions regulating battery performance. Going forward, it is necessary to consolidate scattered ideas in the literature into a structured framework for future efforts across multidisciplinary fields. This review sets out to distill and structure what the authors consider to be significant recent developments on the study of chemomechanics of rechargeable batteries in a concise and accessible format to the audiences of different backgrounds in electrochemistry, materials, and mechanics. Importantly, we review the significance of chemomechanics in the context of battery performance, as well as its mechanistic understanding by combining electrochemical, materials, and mechanical perspectives. We discuss the coupling between the elements of electrochemistry and mechanics, key experimental and modeling tools from the small to large scales, and design considerations. Lastly, we provide our perspective on ongoing challenges and opportunities ranging from quantifying mechanical degradation in batteries to manufacturing battery materials and developing cyclic protocols to improve the mechanical resilience.
化学机械学是一个古老的学科，但在可充电电池中，其重要性得以重新焕发，因为其中的机械能量和与氧化还原反应相关的损伤会显著影响关键电化学过程的热力学和速率。由于清洁能源的推动和表征能力的进步，过去二十年中的重大研究努力使得人们对调控电池性能的复杂化学机械相互作用有了飞跃式的理解。展望未来，有必要将文献中分散的观点整合到一个结构框架中，以便在跨多学科领域进行未来的研究。本综述旨在以简洁易懂的形式，为电化学、材料和力学等不同背景的读者提炼和构建可充电电池化学机械学方面的重要近期发展。重要的是，我们将结合电化学、材料和力学的观点，在电池性能的背景下以及对其机械作用的理解方面，综述化学机械学的意义。我们讨论了电化学和力学元素之间的耦合、从小尺度到大尺度的关键实验和建模工具以及设计考虑因素。最后，我们提供了对当前挑战和机遇的看法，从量化电池中的机械降解到制造电池材料和开发循环协议以提高机械弹性等方面。
