Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2022 Sep;46(9):1712-1719. doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01183-3. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Differences in gut microbiota, metabolites and immune markers have been observed between individuals with and without obesity. Our study determined the temporal association between infant fecal gut metabolites, sIgA and body mass index (BMI) z score of preschool children, independent of pre/postnatal factors.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study includes a subset of 647 infants from the CHILD Cohort Study (recruited between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012). Fecal metabolites and sIgA were measured at 3-4 months of age, and age and sex adjusted BMI z scores at 1 and 3 years of age. Associations between the metabolites, IgA, and child BMI z scores at age 1 and 3 years were tested using linear regression adjusted for pre/postnatal factors (breastfeeding, birthweight-for-gestational age, birthmode and IAP, solid food introduction).
Mean BMI z score for all infants was 0.34 (SD 1.16) at 1 year (N = 647) and 0.71 (SD 1.06) at 3 years (N = 573). High fecal formate in infancy was associated with a significantly lower BMI z score (adjusted mean difference -0.23 (95% CI -0.42, -0.04)) and high butyrate was associated with a higher BMI z score (adjusted mean difference 0.21 (95% CI 0.01, 0.41)) at age 3 years only. The influence of formate and butyrate on BMI z score at age 3 were seen only in those that were not exclusively breastfed at stool sample collection (adjusted mean difference for high formate/EBF- group: -0.33 (95%CI -0.55, -0.10) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.02, 0.47) for high butyrate/EBF- group). No associations were seen between sIgA and BMI z score at age 1 or 3 years in adjusted regression models.
Differences in fecal metabolite levels in early infancy were associated with childhood BMI. This study identifies an important area of future research in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity.
背景/目的：肥胖人群与非肥胖人群的肠道微生物群、代谢物和免疫标志物存在差异。本研究旨在确定婴儿粪便肠道代谢物、分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA）与学龄前儿童体重指数（BMI）z 评分之间的时间关联，且该关联独立于产前和产后因素。
受试者/方法：该研究纳入了儿童队列研究（2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2012 年 12 月 31 日期间招募）中的 647 名婴儿的子样本。在 3-4 个月大时测量粪便代谢物和 sIgA，在 1 岁和 3 岁时测量年龄和性别调整后的 BMI z 评分。使用线性回归，通过调整产前和产后因素（母乳喂养、出生体重与胎龄比、分娩方式和新生儿急性生理学评分、固体食物引入），检验代谢物、IgA 与儿童 1 岁和 3 岁 BMI z 评分之间的相关性。
所有婴儿的平均 BMI z 评分在 1 岁时为 0.34（SD 1.16，N=647），在 3 岁时为 0.71（SD 1.06，N=573）。婴儿期粪便中甲酸盐含量高与 BMI z 评分显著降低（调整平均差异-0.23（95%CI-0.42，-0.04））有关，而丁酸含量高与 BMI z 评分升高（调整平均差异 0.21（95%CI0.01，0.41））有关，但仅在粪便样本采集时未完全母乳喂养的婴儿中观察到。在高甲酸盐/EBF-组和高丁酸/EBF-组中，甲酸盐和丁酸对 3 岁时 BMI z 评分的影响分别为-0.33（95%CI-0.55，-0.10）和 0.25（95%CI0.02，0.47）。在调整后的回归模型中，sIgA 与 1 岁或 3 岁时的 BMI z 评分均无关联。
婴儿早期粪便代谢物水平的差异与儿童 BMI 有关。本研究确定了理解肥胖发病机制的未来研究的一个重要领域。
