Shah Attia, Alam Sadia, Kabir Muhammad, Fazal Sajjad, Khurshid Adnan, Iqbal Asia, Khan Muhammad Mumtaz, Khan Waqar, Qayyum Abdul, Hussain Mubashar, El Askary Ahmad, Gharib Amal F, Elesawy Basem H, Bibi Yamin
Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
Department of Forestry & Wildlife Management, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 May;29(5):3167-3176. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.057. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
The acquisition of multi-drug resistance (MDR) genes by pathogenic bacterial bugs and their dispersal to different food webs has become a silent pandemic. The multiplied use of different antibacterial therapeutics during COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process among emerging pathogens. Wild migratory birds play an important role in the spread of MDR pathogens and MDR gene flow due to the consumption of contaminated food and water. is an emerging pathogen of family Enterobacteriaceae and commonly causes disease in human and animals. The present study focused on the isolation of from blood, saliva, and intestine of selected migratory birds of the Hazara Division. The sensitivity of isolated strains was assessed against ten different antibiotics. The isolation frequency of was 69%. In blood samples, a high rate of resistance was observed against ceftriaxone (80%) followed by ampicillin (76%) whereas, in oral and intestinal samples, ceftriaxone resistant strains were 56% and 57% while ampicillin resistance was 49% and 52% respectively. The overall ceftriaxone and ampicillin-resistant cases in all three sample sources were 71% and 65% respectively. In comparison to oral and intestinal samples, high numbers of ceftriaxone-resistant strains were isolated from the blood of mallard while ampicillin-resistant strains were observed in blood samples of cattle egrets. 16S rRNA-based confirmed strains of were processed for detection of and gene through Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after DNA extraction. Hundred percent ceftriaxone resistant isolates possessed CTX-M and all ampicillin-resistant strains harbored TEM-1 genes. Amplified products were sequenced by using the Sanger sequencing method and the resulted sequences were checked for similarity in the nucleotide Database through the BLAST program. gene showed 99% and the gene showed 98% similar sequences in the Database The 16S rRNA sequence and nucleotide sequences for TEM-1 and CTX-M genes were submitted to Gene Bank with accession numbers LC521304, LC521306, LC521307 respectively. We posit to combat MDR gene flow among the bacterial pathogens across different geographical locations, regular surveillance of new zoonotic pathogens must be conducted.
致病细菌获得多重耐药（MDR）基因并将其传播到不同的食物网已成为一场无声的大流行。在新冠疫情期间，不同抗菌疗法的大量使用加速了新出现病原体中的这一进程。野生候鸟由于食用受污染的食物和水，在多重耐药病原体的传播和多重耐药基因流动中发挥着重要作用。[病原体名称]是肠杆菌科的一种新出现的病原体，通常在人和动物中引起疾病。本研究重点从哈扎拉地区选定候鸟的血液、唾液和肠道中分离[病原体名称]。评估分离菌株对十种不同抗生素的敏感性。[病原体名称]的分离频率为69%。在血液样本中，观察到对头孢曲松的耐药率很高（80%），其次是氨苄西林（76%），而在口腔和肠道样本中，头孢曲松耐药菌株分别为56%和57%，氨苄西林耐药率分别为49%和52%。所有三种样本来源中头孢曲松和氨苄西林耐药病例的总体比例分别为71%和65%。与口腔和肠道样本相比，从绿头鸭血液中分离出的头孢曲松耐药菌株数量较多，而在牛背鹭血液样本中观察到氨苄西林耐药菌株。基于16S rRNA鉴定的[病原体名称]菌株在DNA提取后通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测[相关耐药]基因。100%的头孢曲松耐药分离株含有CTX-M，所有氨苄西林耐药菌株都携带TEM-1基因。使用桑格测序法对扩增产物进行测序，并通过BLAST程序在核苷酸数据库中检查所得序列的相似性。[相关基因名称]基因在数据库中显示出99%的相似序列，[相关基因名称]基因显示出98%的相似序列。16S rRNA序列以及TEM-1和CTX-M基因的核苷酸序列分别以登录号LC521304、LC521306、LC521307提交到基因库。我们认为，为了对抗不同地理位置的细菌病原体之间的多重耐药基因流动，必须定期监测新出现的人畜共患病原体。
