Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; email:
Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Oct 6;38:395-418. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-114855. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Although tissue homeostasis-the steady state-implies stability, our organs are in a state of continual, large-scale cellular flux. This flux underpins an organ's ability to homeostatically renew, to non-homeostatically resize upon altered functional demand, and to return to homeostasis after resizing or injury-in other words, to be dynamic. Here, I examine the basic unit of organ-scale cell dynamics: the cellular life cycle of birth, differentiation, and death. Focusing on epithelial organs, I discuss how spatial patterns and temporal kinetics of life cycle stages depend upon lineage organization and tissue architecture. I review how signaling between stages coordinates life cycle dynamics to enforce homeostasis, and I highlight how particular stages are transiently unbalanced to drive organ resizing or repair. Finally, I offer that considering organs as a collective of not cells but rather cell life cycles provides a powerful vantage for deciphering homeostatic and non-homeostatic tissue states.
尽管组织稳态（稳定状态）意味着稳定，但我们的器官处于持续的大规模细胞流动状态。这种流动是器官维持稳态更新、根据功能需求改变进行非稳态大小调整以及在大小调整或损伤后恢复稳态的能力的基础——换句话说，器官具有动态性。在这里，我研究了器官规模细胞动力学的基本单位：出生、分化和死亡的细胞生命周期。我专注于上皮器官，讨论了生命周期各阶段的空间模式和时间动力学如何取决于谱系组织和组织架构。我回顾了阶段之间的信号如何协调生命周期动力学以维持稳态，并且强调了如何使特定阶段暂时失去平衡以驱动器官大小调整或修复。最后，我提出将器官视为细胞生命周期的集合而不是单个细胞，为解析稳态和非稳态组织状态提供了一个有力的视角。
