Yence Merve, Cetinkaya Ahmet, Kaya S Irem, Ozkan Sibel A
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2024;54(4):882-895. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2099732. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
Opioids are a class of drugs used to treat moderate to severe pain and have short-term adverse effects. Nevertheless, they are considered necessary for pain management. However, well-known hazards are connected with an opioid prescription, such as overuse, addiction, and overdose deaths. For example, the death rate from opioid analgesic poisoning in the USA approximately doubled, owing to the overuse and addiction of opioid analgesics. Also, opioids are a very important group of analytes in forensic chemistry, so it is necessary to use reliable, fast, and sensitive analytical tools to determine opioid analgesics. This review focuses on the opioid overdose crisis, the properties of commonly used opioid drugs, their mechanism, effects, and some chromatographic and spectroscopic detection methods are explained briefly. Then most essentially recent developments covering the last ten years in the sensitive electrochemical methods of common opioid analgesics, their innovations and features, and future research directions are presented.
阿片类药物是一类用于治疗中度至重度疼痛的药物，且具有短期不良反应。尽管如此，它们仍被认为是疼痛管理所必需的。然而，阿片类药物处方存在一些众所周知的风险，如过度使用、成瘾和过量死亡。例如，由于阿片类镇痛药的过度使用和成瘾，美国阿片类镇痛剂中毒的死亡率几乎翻了一番。此外，阿片类药物是法医化学中非常重要的一类分析物，因此有必要使用可靠、快速且灵敏的分析工具来测定阿片类镇痛药。本综述聚焦于阿片类药物过量危机、常用阿片类药物的性质、作用机制、效果，并简要解释了一些色谱和光谱检测方法。然后，重点介绍了过去十年中常见阿片类镇痛药灵敏电化学方法的最新进展、创新点和特点，以及未来的研究方向。
