围产期心理健康素养：围产期妇女和公众的知识、态度和寻求帮助 - 系统评价。
Perinatal mental health literacy: knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking among perinatal women and the public - a systematic review.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Jul 19;22(1):574. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04865-y.
BACKGROUND
The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability to mental health problems, however, only a small proportion of women seek help. Poor mental health literacy (MHL) is a major barrier to seeking help for mental health problems. This study aimed to collect the existing evidence of MHL associated with perinatal mental health problems (PMHP) among perinatal women and the public. This review analysed which tools were used to assess perinatal MHL as well as the findings concerning individual components of perinatal MHL.
METHODS
Four electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were analysed from their inception until September 1, 2020. Not only quantitative studies reporting on components of MHL (knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking), but also studies reporting overall levels of MHL relating to PMHP were taken into account. Two independent reviewers were involved in the screening and extraction process and data were analysed descriptively.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight of the 13,676 retrieved articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. The majority of selected studies examined MHL related to PMHP in perinatal women (N = 28). The most frequently examined component of MHL in the selected data set was help-seeking. A lack of uniformity in assessing MHL components was found. The most common focus of these studies was postpartum depression. It was found that the ability to recognize PMHP and to identify relevant symptoms was lacking among both perinatal women and the public. Perinatal women had low intentions of seeking help for PMHP and preferred seeking help from informal sources while reporting a variety of structural and personal barriers to seeking help. Stigmatizing attitudes associated with PMHP were found among the public.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need for educational campaigns and interventions to improve perinatal MHL in perinatal women and the public as a whole.
背景
围产期是心理健康问题高发期，但只有一小部分女性寻求帮助。心理健康素养差是寻求心理健康问题帮助的主要障碍。本研究旨在收集围产期女性和公众中与围产期心理健康问题相关的现有心理健康素养证据。本综述分析了用于评估围产期心理健康素养的工具，以及与围产期心理健康素养相关的个体成分的研究结果。
方法
从建立之初到 2020 年 9 月 1 日，对四个电子数据库（PubMed、PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 CINAHL）进行了分析。不仅考虑了报告心理健康素养（知识、态度和寻求帮助）组成部分的定量研究，还考虑了报告与围产期心理健康问题相关的总体心理健康素养水平的研究。两名独立的审查员参与了筛选和提取过程，数据进行了描述性分析。
结果
从 13676 篇检索文章中，有 38 篇符合纳入标准。所选研究中，大多数研究都检查了围产期女性与围产期心理健康问题相关的心理健康素养（N=28）。在所选择的数据集中，心理健康素养评估中最常检查的组成部分是寻求帮助。发现评估心理健康素养组成部分缺乏一致性。这些研究的最常见重点是产后抑郁症。研究发现，围产期女性和公众都缺乏识别围产期心理健康问题和识别相关症状的能力。围产期女性对因围产期心理健康问题寻求帮助的意愿较低，更愿意寻求非正式来源的帮助，同时报告寻求帮助存在各种结构和个人障碍。公众中发现与围产期心理健康问题相关的污名化态度。
结论
需要开展教育活动和干预措施，以提高围产期女性和公众的围产期心理健康素养。
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