State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, P. R. China.
Small. 2023 May;19(21):e2300057. doi: 10.1002/smll.202300057. Epub 2023 Feb 25.
Due to their superiority in the simple design and precise targeting, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems have attracted significant interest for biosensing. On the one hand, CRISPR-Cas systems have the capacity to precisely recognize and cleave specific DNA and RNA sequences. On the other hand, CRISPR-Cas systems such as orthologs of Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 exhibit cis-cleavage or trans-cleavage activities after recognizing the target sequence. Owing to the cleavage activities, CRISPR-Cas systems can be designed for biosensing by degrading tagged nucleic acids to produce detectable signals. To meet the requirements of point-of-care detection and versatile signal readouts, gold nanomaterials with excellent properties such as high extinction coefficients, easy surface functionalization, and biocompatibility are implemented in CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors. In combination with gold nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, gold nanorods, and gold nanostars, great efforts are devoted to fabricating CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors for the detection of diverse targets. This review focuses on the current advances in gold nanomaterials-implemented CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors, particularly the working mechanism and the performance of these biosensors. CRISPR-Cas systems, including CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cas12a, and CRISPR-Cas13a are discussed and highlighted. Meanwhile, prospects and challenges are also discussed in the design of biosensing strategies based on gold nanomaterials and CRISPR-Cas systems.
由于其在简单设计和精确靶向方面的优势，成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）-Cas 系统在生物传感方面引起了极大的兴趣。一方面，CRISPR-Cas 系统能够精确识别和切割特定的 DNA 和 RNA 序列。另一方面，CRISPR-Cas 系统，如 Cas9、Cas12 和 Cas13 的同源物，在识别靶序列后表现出内切或外切活性。由于切割活性，CRISPR-Cas 系统可通过降解标记的核酸产生可检测的信号来设计用于生物传感。为了满足即时检测和多功能信号读出的要求，具有高消光系数、易于表面功能化和生物相容性等优异性能的金纳米材料被应用于基于 CRISPR-Cas 的生物传感器中。结合金纳米材料，如金纳米颗粒、金纳米棒和金纳米星，研究人员致力于制备基于 CRISPR-Cas 的生物传感器以检测多种靶标。本文重点介绍了基于金纳米材料的 CRISPR-Cas 生物传感器的最新进展，特别是这些生物传感器的工作机制和性能。讨论并强调了 CRISPR-Cas 系统，包括 CRISPR-Cas9、CRISPR-Cas12a 和 CRISPR-Cas13a。同时，还讨论了基于金纳米材料和 CRISPR-Cas 系统的生物传感策略设计中的前景和挑战。
