Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Jul 20;194(9):593. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10223-4.
In this study, the personal exposure to and potential dose of black carbon (BC) of undergraduate students (22-27 years old, nonsmokers) were determined. BC was continuously measured by a portable device (microAeth AE51) for four consecutive days in Istanbul between April and May 2019. The time-activity diaries filled out by each volunteer were assessed to define the activities and microenvironments (home, school, transportation and entertainment) that contributed to daily BC exposure. The overall mean concentration of BC was 2.0 μg/m, and the mean concentrations on weekdays and weekends were 3.0 μg/m and 1.1 μg/m, respectively. Transportation made the highest contribution to mean BC exposure (42%) and dose (45.8%) on weekdays, while the contributions of home-based activities to BC exposure (66.1%) and dose (63.2%) were higher on weekends. Students had the most intense exposure to (2.8% and 4.6%) and dose (3.1% and 5.8%) of BC in transportation both on weekdays and on weekends, respectively. Between transportation modes, the mean BC concentration was the highest for minibuses (14.8 μg/m), while walking made the largest contribution to BC exposure (16.8%) on weekdays. Students spent 12.8% of their weekdays at school, and the contributions of the school environment to BC exposure and dose were 8.5% and 7%, respectively. Exposure to BC increased during cooking and eating activities in microenvironments such as the kitchen, cafe and dining hall.
本研究旨在确定大学生（22-27 岁，不吸烟）个体暴露于黑碳（BC）的情况及其潜在剂量。2019 年 4 月至 5 月期间，在伊斯坦布尔使用便携式设备（microAeth AE51）连续四天对 BC 进行了连续测量。通过每位志愿者填写的活动时间日志，评估了导致日常 BC 暴露的活动和微环境（家庭、学校、交通和娱乐）。BC 的总体平均浓度为 2.0μg/m，工作日和周末的平均浓度分别为 3.0μg/m 和 1.1μg/m。交通是工作日 BC 暴露（42%）和剂量（45.8%）的主要贡献因素，而家庭活动对 BC 暴露（66.1%）和剂量（63.2%）的贡献在周末更高。学生在工作日和周末的交通中，BC 暴露（分别为 2.8%和 4.6%）和剂量（分别为 3.1%和 5.8%）最为强烈。在交通方式中，面包车的 BC 平均浓度最高（14.8μg/m），而工作日步行对 BC 暴露的贡献最大（16.8%）。学生在工作日有 12.8%的时间在学校，学校环境对 BC 暴露和剂量的贡献分别为 8.5%和 7%。在厨房、咖啡馆和餐厅等微环境中进行烹饪和进食活动时，BC 的暴露量会增加。
