Wang Ting, Wang Zuankai
Langmuir. 2022 Aug 2;38(30):9073-9084. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01533. Epub 2022 Jul 20.
Surfaces are vibrant sites for various activities with environments, especially as the transfer station for mass and energy exchange. In nature, natural creatures exhibit special wetting and interfacial properties such as water repellency and water affinity to adapt to various environmental challenges by taking advantage of air or liquid infusion media. Inspired by natural surfaces, various engineered liquid-repellent surfaces have been developed with a wide range of applications in both open and closed underwater environments. In particular, underwater conditions are characterized by high viscosity, high pressure, and complex compositions, which pose more challenges for the design of robust and functional repellent surfaces. In this Perspective, we take a parallel approach to introduce two classical liquid-repellent surfaces: an air-infused repellent surface and a lubricated liquid-repellent surface. Then we highlight fundamental challenges and design configurations of robust liquid-repellent surfaces both in air and underwater. We summarize the advantages and drawbacks of two kinds of repellent surfaces and list several applications of liquid-repellent surfaces for use in the ocean, medical care, and energy harvesting. Finally, we provide an outlook of research directions for robust liquid-repellent surfaces.
表面是与环境进行各种活动的活跃场所，尤其是作为质量和能量交换的中转站。在自然界中，天然生物展现出特殊的润湿性和界面特性，如疏水性和亲水性，通过利用空气或液体注入介质来适应各种环境挑战。受自然表面的启发，人们开发了各种工程化的疏水表面，在开放和封闭的水下环境中都有广泛应用。特别是，水下环境具有高粘度、高压和复杂成分的特点，这对设计坚固且功能性的疏水表面提出了更多挑战。在这篇综述中，我们采用平行的方法介绍两种经典的疏水表面：空气注入型疏水表面和润滑型疏水表面。然后我们强调了在空气和水下环境中设计坚固疏水表面的基本挑战和配置。我们总结了两种疏水表面的优缺点，并列举了疏水表面在海洋、医疗和能量收集方面的一些应用。最后，我们展望了坚固疏水表面的研究方向。
