Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 20;17(7):e0271716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271716. eCollection 2022.
The association between life event stress and depressive symptoms has not been analyzed in the general population before.
In the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, we assessed the association of 1.) the presence of important life events and 2.) life event stress, with the amount of depressive symptoms in univariable linear regressions and in multivariable regressions adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and age, sex and optimism as important determinants of coping with life events (model 2). Presence of life events and life event stress were assessed with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), optimism with the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and depressive symptoms with the 15-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
Of the total cohort of 4,814 participants, 1,120 had experienced important life events during the previous 6 months. Presence of important life events was significantly associated with higher CES-D scores (B = 2.6, 95%CI = 2.2 to 3.0, p < .001; model 2) compared to absence of life events. Associations were stronger for women than for men and for pessimists than for optimists. Among the participants with important life events, median (Q1; Q3) stress-score was 45.0 (39.0; 63.0). Stress-scores >Q3 were significantly associated with higher CES-D scores (2.2, 1.1 to 3.3, < .001) with a stronger association in pessimists than in optimists.
Experiencing life-changing events is associated with depression. Women and individuals with pessimistic personality are especially vulnerable which should be considered in prevention strategies.
生活事件应激与抑郁症状之间的关联尚未在普通人群中进行分析。
在基于人群的 Heinz Nixdorf 回顾研究中，我们在单变量线性回归和多变量回归中评估了 1）重要生活事件的存在和 2）生活事件应激与抑郁症状量之间的关系，调整了年龄和性别（模型 1）以及作为应对生活事件重要决定因素的乐观主义（模型 2）。使用社会再适应评定量表（SRRS）评估生活事件的存在和生活事件应激，使用生活取向测验修订版（LOT-R）评估乐观主义，使用 15 项流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）评估抑郁症状。
在总队列的 4814 名参与者中，有 1120 名在过去 6 个月内经历了重要的生活事件。与没有生活事件相比，存在重要生活事件与更高的 CES-D 评分显著相关（B=2.6，95%CI=2.2 至 3.0，p<.001；模型 2）。女性的关联强于男性，悲观主义者的关联强于乐观主义者。在有重要生活事件的参与者中，中位数（Q1；Q3）应激评分 45.0（39.0；63.0）。评分>Q3 与更高的 CES-D 评分显著相关（2.2，1.1 至 3.3，<.001），在悲观主义者中的关联强于在乐观主义者中的关联。
经历改变生活的事件与抑郁相关。女性和具有悲观人格特质的个体尤其脆弱，这在预防策略中应加以考虑。
