Bang K M, Perlin E, Sampson C C
J Natl Med Assoc. 1987 Apr;79(4):383-8.
Incidence and mortality rates of cancer in blacks have been increasing at a faster rate than in whites. In particular, recent incidence rates of lung cancer in black men have increased, while the rates in white men decreased for the first time since 1982 to 1983. This leveling off in incidence for whites may suggest the beginning of a downturn in lung cancer because the smoking prevalence has decreased substantially since 1965.There is considerable evidence that cancer risks in blacks are higher than in whites. The major risk factors to cancer include cigarette smoking, diet, alcohol, and occupational exposure to industrial carcinogens. Other factors, including immunogenetic and unknown risks, might be associated partially with an increased incidence of cancer in blacks. Analytic epidemiologic studies addressing the relationship between genetic factors, or biomarkers, and cancer along with epidemiologic methods are warranted. Key factors that contribute to the prevention of cancer mortality should be identified and promulgated through primary or secondary cancer prevention programs.
黑人癌症的发病率和死亡率增长速度比白人更快。特别是，黑人男性肺癌的近期发病率有所上升，而白人男性的发病率自1982年至1983年以来首次下降。白人发病率的趋于平稳可能预示着肺癌开始出现下降趋势，因为自1965年以来吸烟率已大幅下降。有大量证据表明，黑人患癌风险高于白人。癌症的主要风险因素包括吸烟、饮食、酒精以及职业接触工业致癌物。其他因素，包括免疫遗传学和未知风险，可能部分与黑人癌症发病率增加有关。有必要开展分析性流行病学研究，运用流行病学方法探讨遗传因素或生物标志物与癌症之间的关系。应通过一级或二级癌症预防计划确定并推广有助于预防癌症死亡的关键因素。
