Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISSPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2710. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2710. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
The aim of this paper is to present a freely accessible new instrument for the evaluation of cognition: the Global Examination of Mental State (GEMS).
It is made up of 11 items tapping into a range of skills, such as Orientation in time and space, Memory, Working memory, Visuo-spatial, Visuo-constructional and Planning abilities, Perceptual and visual Attention, Language (Naming, Comprehension, and Verbal fluency), and Pragmatics.
The psychometric strengths of this screening are: (1) extensive and updated normative data on the adult Italian population (from 18 to 100 years old); (2) absence of ceiling effect in healthy individuals, which allows to better detect interindividual variability; (3) comparison of the global scores with normative data taking into account Cognitive Reserve rather than only education, thus increasing diagnostic accuracy; (4) thresholds for significant change over time and the possibility to use parallel versions (GEMS-A/GEMS-B) for test-retest; (5) solid psychometric properties and data on discriminant validity; and (6) free access to all materials (record forms, instructions, and cut-off scores) on the web under a Creative Common License.
With all these characteristics, GEMS could be a very useful paper-and-pencil instrument for cognitive screening.
本文旨在介绍一种新的、可免费获取的认知评估工具：全球精神状态检查（GEMS）。
它由 11 个项目组成，涵盖了一系列技能，如时间和空间定向、记忆、工作记忆、视空间、视结构和计划能力、知觉和视觉注意力、语言（命名、理解和流畅性）以及语用学。
这种筛查的心理测量优势在于：（1）对成年意大利人群（18 至 100 岁）进行了广泛且更新的规范数据；（2）在健康个体中不存在上限效应，从而可以更好地检测个体间的差异；（3）将全球评分与考虑认知储备而不仅仅是教育的规范数据进行比较，从而提高诊断准确性；（4）用于测试-重测的时间上的显著变化阈值和使用平行版本（GEMS-A/GEMS-B）的可能性；（5）可靠的心理测量特性和判别有效性数据；（6）在 Creative Common License 下，可在网络上免费获取所有材料（记录表格、说明和临界分数）。
凭借所有这些特点，GEMS 可以成为一种非常有用的认知筛查纸笔工具。
