Williams P T, Fortmann S P, Terry R B, Garay S C, Vranizan K M, Ellsworth N, Wood P D
JAMA. 1987 Jun 19;257(23):3251-6.
Mediterranean populations have low incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and hypertension that may be due, in part, to dietary factors, particularly a relatively high intake of monounsaturated fat as olive oil. In this study, nutritional components (as grams per 4200 kJ) (1 kcal = 4.2 kJ) from three-day food records were examined in association with resting blood pressure in a cross-sectional survey of 76 sedentary middle-aged American men, aged 30 to 55 years, with resting blood pressures below 160/100 mm Hg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures correlated significantly and inversely with monounsaturated fat consumption. Polyunsaturated fat consumption also correlated inversely with diastolic blood pressure; however, this relationship became nonsignificant when adjusted for an index of regional adiposity that characterizes the male-type obesity pattern. Detailed analyses of specific fatty acids showed that the correlations with monounsaturates were specific to oleic acid, and the correlation with polyunsaturates was specific to linoleic acid. Multiple regression analysis suggested that 18.2% of the variance in systolic blood pressure and 23.2% of the variance in diastolic blood pressure were related to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat consumption and regional adiposity. Thus, increased consumption of monounsaturated fat is related inversely to resting blood pressure, although causality remains to be determined.
地中海地区人群心血管疾病和高血压的发病率较低，这可能部分归因于饮食因素，特别是橄榄油中相对较高的单不饱和脂肪摄入量。在这项研究中，对76名年龄在30至55岁之间、静息血压低于160/100 mmHg的久坐不动的美国中年男性进行了横断面调查，研究了三日饮食记录中的营养成分（以每4200千焦的克数计）（1千卡 = 4.2千焦）与静息血压的关系。收缩压和舒张压与单不饱和脂肪的摄入量显著负相关。多不饱和脂肪的摄入量也与舒张压呈负相关；然而，当根据表征男性型肥胖模式的局部肥胖指数进行调整后，这种关系变得不显著。对特定脂肪酸的详细分析表明，与单不饱和脂肪酸的相关性特定于油酸，与多不饱和脂肪酸的相关性特定于亚油酸。多元回归分析表明，收缩压变异的18.2%和舒张压变异的23.2%与单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪的摄入量以及局部肥胖有关。因此，单不饱和脂肪摄入量的增加与静息血压呈负相关，尽管因果关系尚待确定。
