Verma Anamika, Shameem Nowsheen, Jatav Hanuman Singh, Sathyanarayana Eetela, Parray Javid A, Poczai Peter, Sayyed R Z
Amity Institute of Horticulture Studies and Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Department of Environmental Science, S.P. College, Srinagar, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 5;13:953836. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953836. eCollection 2022.
The agricultural sustainability concept considers higher food production combating biotic and abiotic stresses, socio-economic well-being, and environmental conservation. On the contrary, global warming-led climatic changes have appalling consequences on agriculture, generating shifting rainfall patterns, high temperature, CO, drought, etc., prompting abiotic stress conditions for plants. Such stresses abandon the plants to thrive, demoting food productivity and ultimately hampering food security. Though environmental issues are natural and cannot be regulated, plants can still be enabled to endure these abnormal abiotic conditions, reinforcing the stress resilience in an eco-friendly fashion by incorporating fungal endophytes. Endophytic fungi are a group of subtle, non-pathogenic microorganisms establishing a mutualistic association with diverse plant species. Their varied association with the host plant under dynamic environments boosts the endogenic tolerance mechanism of the host plant against various stresses overall modulations of local and systemic mechanisms accompanied by higher antioxidants secretion, ample enough to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) hence, coping over-expression of defensive redox regulatory system of host plant as an aversion to stressed condition. They are also reported to ameliorate plants toward biotic stress mitigation and elevate phytohormone levels forging them worthy enough to be used as biocontrol agents and as biofertilizers against various pathogens, promoting crop improvement and soil improvement, respectively. This review summarizes the present-day conception of the endophytic fungi, their diversity in various crops, and the molecular mechanism behind abiotic and biotic resistance prompting climate-resilient aided sustainable agriculture.
农业可持续性概念包括提高粮食产量以应对生物和非生物胁迫、社会经济福祉以及环境保护。相反，全球变暖导致的气候变化对农业产生了可怕的后果，造成降雨模式变化、高温、二氧化碳、干旱等，给植物带来非生物胁迫条件。这些胁迫使植物难以茁壮成长，降低了粮食生产力，最终危及粮食安全。尽管环境问题是自然现象且无法控制，但仍可通过引入真菌内生菌，以生态友好的方式增强植物的胁迫恢复力，使植物能够耐受这些异常的非生物条件。内生真菌是一类与多种植物建立共生关系的微小非致病微生物。在动态环境下，它们与宿主植物的多种关联增强了宿主植物对各种胁迫的内生耐受机制，总体上调节局部和系统机制，并伴随更高的抗氧化剂分泌，足以清除活性氧（ROS），从而应对宿主植物防御性氧化还原调节系统的过度表达，以抵御胁迫条件。据报道，它们还能改善植物对生物胁迫的耐受性，并提高植物激素水平，使其有足够价值分别用作对抗各种病原体的生物防治剂和生物肥料，促进作物改良和土壤改良。本综述总结了内生真菌的当前概念、它们在各种作物中的多样性，以及非生物和生物抗性背后的分子机制，以促进气候适应型可持续农业发展。
