Yuan Tianle, Song Hua, Wood Robert, Wang Chenxi, Oreopoulos Lazaros, Platnick Steven E, von Hippel Sophia, Meyer Kerry, Light Siobhan, Wilcox Eric
Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 22;8(29):eabn7988. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7988.
Ship-tracks are produced by ship-emitted aerosols interacting with low clouds. Here, we apply deep learning models on satellite data to produce the first global climatology map of ship-tracks. We show that ship-tracks are at the nexus of cloud physics, maritime shipping, and fuel regulation. Our map captures major shipping lanes while missing others because of background conditions. Ship-track frequency is more than 10 times higher than a previous survey, and its interannual fluctuations reflect variations in cross-ocean trade, shipping activity, and fuel regulations. Fuel regulation can alter both detected frequency and shipping routes due to cost. The 2020 fuel regulation, together with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, reduced ship-track frequency to its lowest level in recent decades across the globe and may have ushered in an era of low frequency. The regulation reduces the aerosol indirect forcing from ship emissions by 46% or between 0.02 and 0.27 W m given its current estimates.
船舶航迹是由船舶排放的气溶胶与低云相互作用产生的。在此，我们将深度学习模型应用于卫星数据，以制作首张全球船舶航迹气候学地图。我们表明，船舶航迹处于云物理学、海上航运和燃料监管的交叉点。我们的地图捕捉到了主要的航线，但由于背景条件而遗漏了其他航线。船舶航迹频率比之前的调查高出10倍以上，其年际波动反映了跨洋贸易、航运活动和燃料监管的变化。由于成本原因，燃料监管可以改变检测到的频率和航线。2020年的燃料监管，连同2019年冠状病毒病大流行，使全球船舶航迹频率降至近几十年来的最低水平，并可能迎来了一个低频时代。根据目前的估计，该监管措施将船舶排放的气溶胶间接强迫降低了46%，即0.02至0.27 W/m²。
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