School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Int J Equity Health. 2022 Jul 23;21(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s12939-022-01673-w.
With migration occurring over a series of centuries, dating back to the 1600's, the circumstance regarding Black people in Canada is a complex account. A plethora of social issues and the failure to adequately acknowledge and reconcile historical issues, has resulted in health inequity, disparities and knowledge gaps, related to the Black population in Canada. In nursing, historical records indicate a legacy of discrimination that continues to impact Black nurses. The profession has begun reckoning with anti-Black racism and the residual effects. This scoping review sought to chart the existing evidence on Black nurses in the nursing profession in Canada.
JBI methodology was used to search peer-reviewed evidence and unpublished gray literature. Sources were considered for inclusion based on criteria outlined in an a priori protocol focusing on: 1) Canada 2) Black nurses and 3) nursing practice. No restrictions were placed on date of publication and language was limited to English and French. All screening and extractions were completed by two independent reviewers.
The database search yielded 688 records. After removing duplicates, 600 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility and 127 advanced to full-text screening. Eighty-two full-text articles were excluded, for a total of 44 sources meeting the inclusion criteria. Seven sources were identified through gray literature search. Subsequently, 31 sources underwent data extraction. Of the 31 sources, 18 are research (n = 18), six are commentaries (n = 6); one report (n = 1) and six are classified as announcements, memoranda or policy statements (n = 6). The review findings are categorized into five conceptual categories: racism (n = 12); historical situatedness (n = 2); leadership and career progression (n = 7); immigration (n = 4); and diversity in the workforce (n = 4).
This review reveals the interconnectedness of the five conceptual categories. Racism was a prominent issue woven throughout the majority of the sources. Additionally, this review captures how racism is exacerbated by intersectional factors such as gender, class and nationality. The findings herein offer insight regarding anti-Black racism and discrimination in nursing as well as suggestions for future research including the use of diverse methodologies in different jurisdictions across the country. Lastly, the implications extend to the nursing workforce in relation to enhancing diversity and addressing the ongoing nursing shortage.
自 17 世纪以来，随着移民潮的持续，加拿大黑人的情况是一个复杂的问题。由于存在大量社会问题，以及未能充分承认和解决历史问题，导致加拿大黑人在健康方面存在不平等、差异和知识差距。在护理领域，历史记录表明存在持续影响黑人护士的歧视传统。该行业已经开始正视反黑人种族主义和遗留问题。本范围综述旨在概述加拿大护理专业中黑人护士的现有证据。
采用 JBI 方法搜索同行评议的证据和未发表的灰色文献。根据预先制定的侧重于以下标准的方案，考虑纳入标准：1）加拿大 2）黑人护士 3）护理实践。不限制出版日期，语言限于英语和法语。所有筛选和提取均由两名独立审查员完成。
数据库搜索产生了 688 条记录。去除重复项后，筛选了 600 篇标题和摘要以确定其是否符合资格标准，然后有 127 篇进入全文筛选。82 篇全文文章被排除在外，共有 44 篇符合纳入标准。通过灰色文献搜索确定了 7 篇来源。随后，对 31 篇来源进行了数据提取。在 31 篇来源中，18 篇是研究（n=18），6 篇是评论（n=6）；一份报告（n=1），6 篇被归类为公告、备忘录或政策声明（n=6）。综述结果分为五个概念类别：种族主义（n=12）；历史背景（n=2）；领导力和职业发展（n=7）；移民（n=4）；和劳动力多元化（n=4）。
本综述揭示了五个概念类别的相互关联性。种族主义是大多数来源中突出的问题。此外，本综述还揭示了种族主义如何因性别、阶级和国籍等交叉因素而加剧。本综述提供了有关护理中的反黑人种族主义和歧视的见解，并为未来的研究提出了建议，包括在全国不同司法管辖区使用不同方法。最后，这些发现还延伸到护理劳动力，涉及增强多样性和解决持续的护理短缺问题。
