Denecke Kerstin, Baudoin Claude R
Institute for Medical Information, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.
Object Management Group, Needham, MA, United States.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 6;9:795957. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.795957. eCollection 2022.
Health care is shifting toward become proactive according to the concept of P5 medicine-a predictive, personalized, preventive, participatory and precision discipline. This patient-centered care heavily leverages the latest technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics that support diagnosis, decision making and treatment. In this paper, we present the role of AI and robotic systems in this evolution, including example use cases. We categorize systems along multiple dimensions such as the type of system, the degree of autonomy, the care setting where the systems are applied, and the application area. These technologies have already achieved notable results in the prediction of sepsis or cardiovascular risk, the monitoring of vital parameters in intensive care units, or in the form of home care robots. Still, while much research is conducted around AI and robotics in health care, adoption in real world care settings is still limited. To remove adoption barriers, we need to address issues such as safety, security, privacy and ethical principles; detect and eliminate bias that could result in harmful or unfair clinical decisions; and build trust in and societal acceptance of AI.
根据“5P医学”的理念，医疗保健正朝着积极主动的方向转变——“5P医学”是一门具有预测性、个性化、预防性、参与性和精准性的学科。这种以患者为中心的医疗保健模式大量利用人工智能（AI）和机器人技术的最新成果来支持诊断、决策和治疗。在本文中，我们介绍了人工智能和机器人系统在这一发展过程中的作用，包括一些实际应用案例。我们从多个维度对系统进行分类，如系统类型、自主程度、应用系统的护理环境以及应用领域。这些技术在败血症或心血管疾病风险预测、重症监护病房生命体征参数监测或家用护理机器人等方面已经取得了显著成果。然而，尽管围绕医疗保健领域的人工智能和机器人技术开展了大量研究，但在实际医疗环境中的应用仍然有限。为了消除应用障碍，我们需要解决诸如安全、安保、隐私和伦理原则等问题；检测并消除可能导致有害或不公平临床决策的偏差；并建立对人工智能的信任以及社会对它的接受度。
