Mustafa Ashraf, Safi Mohammed, Opoku Maxwell P, Mohamed Ahmed M
Department of Special Education, College of Education United Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE.
Department of Speech and Language Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE.
Health Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 20;5(4):e744. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.744. eCollection 2022 Jul.
The COVID-19 outbreak has had an overwhelming effect on societies' access to essential services. Human-to-human transmission facilitates the spread of the disease, as do other conditions, such as temperature. Individuals with underlying health conditions are at increased risk of acquiring and suffering the devastating effects of COVID-19. Consequently, vaccine manufacturing was envisaged as a milestone toward "normalizing" the world. While scholarly attention has focused on attitudes toward vaccination, the relationship between health status and attitudes toward vaccination is understudied. This study attempted to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the impact of health status on attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine.
We developed a 26-item questionnaire titled "Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination Scale" for data collection. A total of 1047 school or university staff members from 22 countries completed the questionnaire. The data were initially validated using exploratory factor analysis to determine its structure and subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 28. Two-way factorial analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed to understand the influence of health status on attitudes toward vaccination.
The results showed a direct effect of health status on attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, (Step 1; = 0.11, = 0.001; Step 2: = 0.10, = 0.001). In Step 2 also, vaccination status ( = 0.22, = 0.001) and place of residence ( = -0.08, = 0.04) also influenced attitudes towards vaccination. Health status also moderated the relation between attitude and education level ([3, 1038] = 3.04) of participants.
Results show possible fear and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination among those with underlying health conditions. Therefore, expeditious sensitization programs may be needed to promote the importance of vaccination for developing resistance against COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance. However, such initiatives should target vulnerable groups in society. Policymakers could focus on improving sensitization toward COVID-19 vaccination among those living with underlying health conditions.
新冠疫情对社会获取基本服务产生了巨大影响。人际传播以及其他条件（如温度）都促进了疾病的传播。有基础健康状况的个体感染新冠病毒并遭受其毁灭性影响的风险增加。因此，疫苗生产被视为世界“正常化”的一个里程碑。虽然学术关注集中在对疫苗接种的态度上，但健康状况与疫苗接种态度之间的关系却研究不足。本研究试图通过评估健康状况对新冠疫苗接种态度的影响来填补这一知识空白。
我们编制了一份名为“新冠疫苗接种态度量表”的包含26个条目的问卷用于数据收集。来自22个国家的1047名学校或大学工作人员完成了问卷。数据最初使用探索性因素分析进行验证以确定其结构，随后使用SPSS 28版进行分析。进行了双向析因方差分析和多元回归分析以了解健康状况对疫苗接种态度的影响。
结果显示健康状况对新冠疫苗接种态度有直接影响（步骤1；β = 0.11，p = 0.001；步骤2：β = 0.10，p = 0.001）。在步骤2中，疫苗接种状况（β = 0.22，p = 0.001）和居住地（β = -0.08，p = 0.04）也影响了对疫苗接种的态度。健康状况还调节了参与者态度与教育水平之间的关系（[3, 1038] = 3.04）。
结果显示有基础健康状况的人群对新冠疫苗接种可能存在恐惧和犹豫。因此，可能需要迅速开展宣传项目，以促进接种疫苗对于增强对新冠病毒的抵抗力和提高疫苗接受度的重要性。然而，此类举措应针对社会中的弱势群体。政策制定者可专注于提高对有基础健康状况者的新冠疫苗接种宣传力度。
