Mounirou Bassirou A M, Adam Nouhou D, Yakoura Abba K H, Aminou Mahamane S M, Liu Yu T, Tan Li Y
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Lamorde National Hospital, Niamey, Niger.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Mar-Apr;26(2):111-118. doi: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_480_21. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), substantially impacts the quality of life of diabetic patients, it remains, in developed countries, the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults (20-65 years). Currently, about 90 million diabetics suffer from DR. DR is a silent complication that in its early stages is asymptomatic. However, over time, chronic hyperglycemia can lead to sensitive retinal damage, leading to fluid accumulation and retinal haemorrhage (HM), resulting in cloudy or blurred vision. It can, therefore, lead to severe visual impairment or even blindness if left untreated. It can be classified into nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). NPDR is featured with intraretinal microvasculature changes and can be further divided into mild, moderate, and severe stages that may associate with diabetic macular oedema (DME). PDR involves the formation and growth of new blood vessels (retinal neovascularisation) under low oxygen conditions. Early identification and treatment are key priorities for reducing the morbidity of diabetic eye disease. In the early stages of DR, a tight control of glycemia, blood pressure, plasma lipids, and regular monitoring can help prevent its progression to more advanced stages. In advanced stages, the main treatments of DR include intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, laser treatments, and vitrectomy. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature pertaining to the latest progress in the treatment of DR.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）严重影响糖尿病患者的生活质量，在发达国家，它仍是工作年龄成年人（20 - 65岁）视力丧失的主要原因。目前，约9000万糖尿病患者患有DR。DR是一种隐匿性并发症，早期无症状。然而，随着时间的推移，慢性高血糖会导致视网膜敏感损伤，导致液体蓄积和视网膜出血（HM），进而导致视力模糊或视物不清。因此，如果不治疗，可能会导致严重视力损害甚至失明。它可分为非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）。NPDR的特征是视网膜内微血管变化，可进一步分为轻度、中度和重度阶段，可能与糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）相关。PDR涉及在低氧条件下新血管的形成和生长（视网膜新生血管形成）。早期识别和治疗是降低糖尿病眼病发病率的关键优先事项。在DR的早期阶段，严格控制血糖、血压、血脂并定期监测有助于预防其进展到更晚期阶段。在晚期阶段，DR的主要治疗方法包括眼内注射抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抗体、激光治疗和玻璃体切除术。本综述的目的是全面概述已发表的有关DR治疗最新进展的文献。
