Pessin Léa, Rutigliano Roberta, Potter Marina Haddock
Department of Sociology and Criminology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA.
Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.
J Marriage Fam. 2022 Feb;84(1):101-120. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12782. Epub 2021 Jun 23.
The study's objective is to understand how parental propensities to provide support, as predicted by parental characteristics, shape adult daughters' and sons' entry into parenthood in the United States.
Much research explores the influence of parental support on adult children's fertility, but the evidence is mixed and primarily focuses on European contexts. Theoretical approaches suggest that to best understand how parental support shapes adult children's outcomes, it is important to account for different forms of parental support, that is, time and money, and variation in parental characteristics.
This study combined different data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics: the 2013 Roster and Family Transfers module, main interview data file, and the Childbirth and Adoption History File. We implemented a two-step analysis strategy. In the first, we built two different measures of propensities to receive parental support (PPS) in the form of time and money. In the second, we used discrete-time logistic regression models to analyze the effects of these propensities to receive parental support on adult daughters' and sons' fertility.
We find a positive and consistent effect of all types of PPS measures on adult daughters', but not adult sons', likelihood of entry into parenthood. The fertility decisions of adult daughters are highly responsive to the prospect of receiving parental support in the form of time or money.
Our results reflect the importance of informal support for women's entry into parenthood and highlight gender differences in the perceived and actual costs of becoming parents.
本研究的目的是了解在美国，如父母特征所预测的那样，父母提供支持的倾向如何影响成年子女成为父母的情况。
许多研究探讨了父母支持对成年子女生育的影响，但证据不一，且主要集中在欧洲背景下。理论方法表明，为了更好地理解父母支持如何塑造成年子女的结果，考虑不同形式的父母支持，即时间和金钱，以及父母特征的差异很重要。
本研究结合了收入动态面板研究的不同数据：2013年名册和家庭转移模块、主要访谈数据文件以及分娩和收养历史文件。我们实施了两步分析策略。第一步，我们构建了两种不同的以时间和金钱形式接受父母支持倾向（PPS）的测量方法。第二步，我们使用离散时间逻辑回归模型来分析这些接受父母支持的倾向对成年女儿和儿子生育的影响。
我们发现所有类型的PPS测量方法对成年女儿成为父母的可能性有积极且一致的影响，但对成年儿子没有。成年女儿的生育决定对以时间或金钱形式接受父母支持的前景高度敏感。
我们的结果反映了非正式支持对女性成为父母的重要性，并突出了在成为父母的感知成本和实际成本方面的性别差异。
