Wang Wentao, Liang Xiaolong, Zheng Kai, Ge Gaoran, Chen Xu, Xu Yaozeng, Bai Jiaxiang, Pan Guoqing, Geng Dechun
Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2022 Jul 11;16:100355. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100355. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Bone injury repair has always been a tricky problem in clinic, the recent emergence of bone tissue engineering provides a new direction for the repair of bone injury. However, some bone tissue processes fail to achieve satisfactory results mainly due to insufficient vascularization or cellular immune rejection. Exosomes with the ability of vesicle-mediated intercellular signal transmission have gained worldwide attention and can achieve cell-free therapy. Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by cells, which contain genetic material, lipids, proteins and other substances. It has been found to play the function of material exchange between cells. It is widely used in bone tissue engineering to achieve cell-free therapy because it not only does not produce some immune rejection like cells, but also can play a cell-like function. Exosomes from different sources can bind to scaffolds in various ways and affect osteoblast, angioblast, and macrophage polarization to promote bone regeneration. This article reviews the recent research progress of exosome-loaded tissue engineering, focusing on the mechanism of exosomes from different sources and the application of exosome-loaded scaffolds in promoting bone regeneration. Finally, the existing deficiencies and challenges, future development directions and prospects are summarized.
骨损伤修复一直是临床上的棘手问题，骨组织工程的出现为骨损伤修复提供了新方向。然而，一些骨组织工程修复过程未能取得满意效果，主要原因是血管化不足或细胞免疫排斥。具有囊泡介导的细胞间信号传递能力的外泌体已引起全球关注，并可实现无细胞治疗。外泌体是细胞分泌的小囊泡，含有遗传物质、脂质、蛋白质等物质。已发现其具有细胞间物质交换的功能。它在骨组织工程中被广泛用于实现无细胞治疗，因为它不仅不会像细胞那样产生一些免疫排斥，还能发挥类似细胞的功能。不同来源的外泌体可以通过多种方式与支架结合，并影响成骨细胞、成血管细胞和巨噬细胞极化，以促进骨再生。本文综述了载外泌体组织工程的最新研究进展，重点关注不同来源外泌体的作用机制以及载外泌体支架在促进骨再生中的应用。最后，总结了存在的不足与挑战、未来发展方向和前景。
