Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2022 Sep;18(9):961-981. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2106217.
Aging causes several changes in the immune system, although immune aging is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and environmental factors leading to inter-individual variability.
We focused on the biological and clinical meaning of immunosenescence. SARS-CoV-2 and Yellow Fever vaccine have demonstrated the clinical relevance of immunosenescence, while inconsistent results, obtained from longitudinal studies aimed at looking for immune risk phenotypes, have revealed that immunosenescence is highly context-dependent. Large projects allowed the delineation of the drivers of immune system variance, including genetic and environmental factors, sex, smoking, and co-habitation. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people. That suggests that drug treatment of immunosenescence should require personalized intervention. Regarding this, we discussed the role of changes in lifestyle as a potential therapeutic approach.
Our review points out that age is only part of the problem of immunosenescence. Everyone ages differently because is unique in genetics and experience of life and this applies even more to the immune system (immunobiography). Finally, the review shows how appreciable results in the modification of immunosenescence biomarkers can be achieved with lifestyle modification.
衰老会导致免疫系统发生多种变化，尽管免疫衰老受到个体免疫史、遗传和环境因素的强烈影响，从而导致个体间的差异。
我们专注于免疫衰老的生物学和临床意义。SARS-CoV-2 和黄热病疫苗已经证明了免疫衰老的临床相关性，而旨在寻找免疫风险表型的纵向研究得出的不一致结果表明，免疫衰老高度依赖于背景。大型项目能够描绘免疫系统变异的驱动因素，包括遗传和环境因素、性别、吸烟和同居。因此，很难确定可以设想用于维持或改善老年人免疫功能的干预措施。这表明，针对免疫衰老的药物治疗应该需要个性化干预。关于这一点，我们讨论了改变生活方式作为一种潜在治疗方法的作用。
我们的综述指出，年龄只是免疫衰老问题的一部分。每个人的衰老方式都不同，因为每个人在遗传和生活经历方面都是独一无二的，这一点在免疫系统中更是如此（免疫传记）。最后，该综述展示了如何通过改变生活方式来实现对免疫衰老生物标志物的显著改变。
