Xing Shuaibing, Chen Shuai, Zhao Ying, Luo Yuheng, Yu Bing, He Jun, Huang Zhiqing, Zheng Ping, Mao Xiangbing, Luo Junqiu, Yan Hui, Yu Jie
Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Sichuan Tequ Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610207, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 7;12(14):1743. doi: 10.3390/ani12141743.
A total of 16 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows, with an average initial body weight of 8.61 ± 0.24 kg (28 days of age), were randomly allotted into the control group (CON group) and high ambient temperature group (HT group) with 8 replicates per group, 1 pig per replicate. The ambient temperature of the CON group was controlled at 26 ± 1 °C, and the HT group was controlled at 35 ± 1 °C. The study lasted for 21 days. Our results showed that high ambient temperature significantly decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (p < 0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The liver index, spleen index, and thymus index of piglets in the HT group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The villous height (VH) of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of piglets in the HT group was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the VH-to-CD ratio of the duodenum and ileum was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The piglets in the HT group showed a higher (p < 0.05) observed-species index, PD whole tree index, and Shannon index, indicating that there was a significant difference in species richness and diversity between the two groups. At the genus level, the piglets in the HT group showed a greater (p < 0.05) percent of Desulfovibrio, Occillibater, and Catenisphaera. HT reduced glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, transport and catabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, aging, endocrine system, signaling molecules, and interaction of colon microbiota (p < 0.05), and increased signal transduction, cell motility, transcription, and genetic information processing (p < 0.05).
总共16头杂交(杜洛克×长白×大白)公猪,初始平均体重为8.61±0.24千克(28日龄),被随机分配到对照组(CON组)和高温环境组(HT组),每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。CON组的环境温度控制在26±1℃,HT组控制在35±1℃。研究持续21天。我们的结果表明,高温环境显著降低了仔猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(p<0.05),饲料转化率显著升高(p<0.05)。HT组仔猪的肝脏指数、脾脏指数和胸腺指数显著降低(p<0.05)。HT组仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度(VH)显著降低(p<0.05),而十二指肠的隐窝深度(CD)显著增加(p<0.05),十二指肠和回肠的VH与CD比值显著降低(p<0.05)。HT组仔猪的观测物种指数、PD全树指数和香农指数较高(p<0.05),表明两组之间的物种丰富度和多样性存在显著差异。在属水平上,HT组仔猪的脱硫弧菌属、颤螺菌属和链形球形菌属的占比更大(p<0.05)。高温降低了聚糖生物合成与代谢、转运与分解代谢、脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢、次生代谢物生物合成、衰老、内分泌系统、信号分子以及结肠微生物群的相互作用(p<0.05),并增加了信号转导、细胞运动、转录和遗传信息处理(p<0.05)。