CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
Food Funct. 2021 Jul 5;12(13):5837-5849. doi: 10.1039/d1fo00208b.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial community, and metabolites of weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty-eight piglets were randomly allocated to one of four groups, including a control group (basal diet), BS group (basal diet + 500 g t-1 BS), XOS group (basal diet + 250 g t-1 XOS), and BS + XOS group (basal diet + 500 g t-1 BS + 250 g t-1 XOS). Dietary BS and XOS were mixed with the basal diet. All groups had eight replicates with four piglets per replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed that dietary XOS supplementation increased the ADFI and ADG, while decreasing the F/G. Dietary BS or XOS supplementation improved the intestinal morphology of weaned piglets by increasing the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum. In addition, dietary XOS supplementation increased the concentrations of butyrate in the ileum and tryptamine and spermidine in the colon, while decreasing the concentration of indole in the colon compared with the control group. Dietary BS supplementation increased the colonic concentrations of butyrate, tryptamine, and cadaverine, while decreasing the concentration of skatole compared with the control group. The LEfSe analysis identified 16 biomarkers in the ileum of the BS group. The intestinal microbiota alterations of weaned piglets indicated that dietary BS or XOS supplementation could improve intestinal health by increasing the gut microbial diversity and altering the relative abundances of different bacterial species. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the potential link between gut microbiota alterations and metabolite changes of weaned piglets. These findings suggest that dietary XOS supplementation could alone improve the growth performance, while dietary BS or XOS and BS with XOS supplementation could influence intestinal health by altering the intestinal morphology, microbial community, and metabolites of weaned piglets. Meanwhile, there were interactions between BS and XOS in intestinal metabolites.
本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌（BS）和木寡糖（XOS）对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、肠道微生物群落和代谢物的影响。将 128 头仔猪随机分配到 4 个组中，包括对照组（基础日粮）、BS 组（基础日粮+500 g/t BS）、XOS 组（基础日粮+250 g/t XOS）和 BS+XOS 组（基础日粮+500 g/t BS+250 g/t XOS）。BS 和 XOS 与基础日粮混合。所有组均有 8 个重复，每个重复 4 头仔猪。试验持续 42 天。结果表明，饲粮 XOS 补充可提高 ADG 和 ADFI，降低 F/G。BS 或 XOS 补充饲粮可通过提高空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值来改善断奶仔猪的肠道形态。此外，饲粮 XOS 补充可提高空肠丁酸和色胺、腐胺的浓度，降低结肠吲哚的浓度。与对照组相比，BS 补充饲粮可提高结肠丁酸、色胺和尸胺的浓度，降低 skatole 的浓度。LEfSe 分析鉴定出 BS 组空肠中的 16 种生物标志物。断奶仔猪肠道微生物群的改变表明，BS 或 XOS 补充饲粮可通过增加肠道微生物多样性和改变不同细菌种类的相对丰度来改善肠道健康。此外，Spearman 相关性分析揭示了肠道微生物群改变与断奶仔猪代谢物变化之间的潜在联系。这些发现表明，饲粮 XOS 补充可单独改善生长性能，而 BS 或 XOS 补充和 BS 与 XOS 联合补充可通过改变断奶仔猪的肠道形态、微生物群落和代谢物来影响肠道健康。同时，BS 和 XOS 对肠道代谢物有相互作用。
