Wu Donglin, Wang Chunjie, Simujide Huasai, Liu Bo, Chen Zhimeng, Zhao Pengfei, Huangfu Mingke, Liu Jiale, Gao Xin, Wu Yi, Li Xiaorui, Chen Hao, Chen Aorigele
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 7;12(14):1751. doi: 10.3390/ani12141751.
To study shifts in the intestinal microbiota during estrus synchronization in ruminants, we characterized the intestinal microbiota in grazing Simmental cows and the possible mechanism that mediates this shift. Fourteen postpartum Simmental beef cows were synchronized beginning on day 0 (D0) with a controlled internal release device (CIDR), and cloprostenol was injected on D9 when the CIDR was withdrawn. Synchronization ended with timed artificial insemination on D12. Serum and rectal samples harvested on D0, D9, and D12 were analyzed to assess the reproductive hormones and microbiota. Reproductive hormones in the serum of the host were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3−V4 hypervariable region, alpha diversity and beta diversity analyses (principal coordinate analysis, PCoA), cladogram of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, and microbiota function analysis. Levels of the reproductive hormones, except gonadotropin-releasing hormone (p > 0.05), shifted among D0, D9, and D12 (p < 0.05). Decreased community diversity (Chao1 and ACE) was observed on D12 compared with D0 (p < 0.05). The beta diversity (PCoA) of the microbiota shifted markedly among D0, D9, and D12 (p < 0.05). The LEfSe analysis revealed shifts in the intestinal microbiota communities among D0, D9, and D12 (p < 0.05 and LDA cutoff >3.0). The KEGG pathway analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolism, genetic information and processing, the excretory system, cellular processes and signaling, immune system diseases, and the metabolism were altered (p < 0.05). Reproductive hormones (especially estradiol) were correlated with the alpha diversity indices, beta diversity indices, and an abundance of biomarkers of the shifting intestinal microbiota (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the structure, composition, and function of the intestinal microbiota were shifted during estrus synchronization in a grazing Simmental cow model, and these shifts were mediated by reproductive hormones.
为了研究反刍动物发情同步化过程中肠道微生物群的变化，我们对放牧西门塔尔奶牛的肠道微生物群及其介导这种变化的可能机制进行了表征。14头产后西门塔尔肉牛从第0天（D0）开始使用可控内部释放装置（CIDR）进行发情同步化处理，在第9天取出CIDR时注射氯前列醇。发情同步化于第12天通过定时人工授精结束。采集第0天、第9天和第12天的血清和直肠样本，以评估生殖激素和微生物群。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法测量宿主血清中的生殖激素。通过对V3−V4高变区进行16S rRNA测序、α多样性和β多样性分析（主坐标分析，PCoA）、线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）分析的进化枝图以及微生物群功能分析来表征微生物群。除促性腺激素释放激素外（p>0.05），生殖激素水平在第0天、第9天和第12天之间发生了变化（p<0.05）。与第0天相比，第12天观察到群落多样性（Chao1和ACE）降低（p<0.05）。微生物群的β多样性（PCoA）在第0天、第9天和第12天之间发生了显著变化（p<0.05）。LEfSe分析显示第0天、第9天和第12天之间肠道微生物群群落发生了变化（p<0.05且线性判别分析效应大小截断值>3.0）。KEGG通路分析表明碳水化合物代谢、遗传信息处理、排泄系统、细胞过程和信号传导、免疫系统疾病以及代谢发生了改变（p<0.05）。生殖激素（尤其是雌二醇）与α多样性指数、β多样性指数以及变化的肠道微生物群生物标志物丰度相关（p<0.05）。总之，在放牧西门塔尔奶牛模型中，发情同步化过程中肠道微生物群的结构、组成和功能发生了变化，并且这些变化由生殖激素介导。
