Di Giovanni Filippo, Ricciardi Renato, Loni Augusto, Scaramozzino Pier Luigi, Benelli Giovanni, Lucchi Andrea
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Insects. 2022 Jul 14;13(7):627. doi: 10.3390/insects13070627.
The European grapevine moth (EGVM), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major concerns for vineyard managers in the Mediterranean area. It is a polyphagous moth, which develops on a wide variety of host plants, among which the spurge flax, (Thymelaeaceae), very likely represents its originary wild host plant. In this study, we investigated the parasitoid complex of feeding on during a three-year sampling in a natural reserve in Tuscany, Italy, where this plant is extremely abundant while the grapevine is absent. A total of 24 species of parasitoids were obtained from eggs, larvae, and pupae of EGVM, belonging to 6 families of Hymenoptera and a family of Diptera. The ichneumonid wasp was the most abundant larval parasitoid. Four species of the genus were obtained from parasitized eggs during the first year of sampling, with a peak in the parasitisation during the EGVM 3rd generation. Some of the main EGVM parasitoids on spurge flax were also observed in vineyards, although a certain degree of redundancy was observed in the wild, due to several less frequent "satellite" species exploiting the same host. Overall, this research sheds light on the parasitoid community and dynamics of this important moth pest in a grapevine-free natural ecosystem, discussing the possible role of natural areas as ecological reservoirs of pest natural enemies.
欧洲葡萄蛾（EGVM），（鳞翅目：卷蛾科），是地中海地区葡萄园管理者主要关注的害虫之一。它是一种多食性蛾类，在多种寄主植物上生长，其中瑞香科的亚麻大戟很可能是其原始野生寄主植物。在本研究中，我们在意大利托斯卡纳的一个自然保护区进行了为期三年的采样，调查了以亚麻大戟为食的欧洲葡萄蛾的寄生蜂群落，该保护区中这种植物极为丰富而没有葡萄藤。从欧洲葡萄蛾的卵、幼虫和蛹中总共获得了24种寄生蜂，它们属于膜翅目的6个科和双翅目的1个科。姬蜂科黄蜂是最丰富的幼虫寄生蜂。在采样的第一年，从被寄生的卵中获得了4种该属的物种，在欧洲葡萄蛾第三代期间寄生率达到峰值。在葡萄园也观察到了一些亚麻大戟上主要的欧洲葡萄蛾寄生蜂，尽管在野外观察到一定程度的冗余，因为有几种不太常见的“卫星”物种利用相同的寄主。总体而言，本研究揭示了在无葡萄藤的自然生态系统中这种重要蛾类害虫的寄生蜂群落和动态，讨论了自然区域作为害虫天敌生态库的可能作用。
