Li Yunwei, Jiang Jingjing, Zhu Liying, Wang Xin, Wan Weilin, Wang Danhua, Li Zhenghong
Peadiatric Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jul 19;10(7):1453. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071453.
We aim to explore the intestinal microbial metabolites in preterm infants with noninvasive methods and analyze the effects of initial feeding methods. Preterm infants with gestational weeks lower than 34 were recruited for fecal sample collection every 7 days. Fecal pH, ammonia, bile acid, and secretory IgA (sIgA) were tested. A 1:10 fecal slurry was inoculated into different culture media containing different carbohydrates as the only carbon source: lactose (LAT), fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and 2′-fucosyllactose (FL2). After 24 h of anaerobic culture through an in vitro fermentation system, air pressure difference, carbohydrate degradation rate, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content in fermentation pots were measured. Preterm infants were assigned into two groups: group A, preterm infants fed by human milk, including mother’s own milk and donor human milk (DHM); group B, preterm infants fed by preterm formula at first 3 days and fed by human milk (including mother’s own milk and DHM) from day 4 to discharge. Group A included 90 samples and group B included 70 samples. Group A had lower fecal pH (p = 0.023), ammonia (p = 0.001), and bile acids (p = 0.025). Group B also had higher fecal sIgA levels, both in OD (p = 0.046) and concentration (p < 0.0001) methods. Carbohydrates degradation rates in group A were higher than group B, especially in LAT medium (p = 0.017) and GOS medium (p = 0.005). Gas production amount had no significant difference in all four media. Several different SCFAs in four kinds of different culture media in group A were higher than in group B, but valeric acid was lower in group A. The initial feeding methods may affect the preterm infants’ intestinal microecology and microbial metabolites for at least several weeks.
我们旨在采用非侵入性方法探索早产儿肠道微生物代谢产物，并分析初始喂养方式的影响。招募孕周小于34周的早产儿，每7天采集粪便样本。检测粪便pH值、氨、胆汁酸和分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）。将1:10的粪便悬液接种到含有不同碳水化合物作为唯一碳源的不同培养基中：乳糖（LAT）、低聚果糖（FOS）、低聚半乳糖（GOS）和2'-岩藻糖基乳糖（FL2）。通过体外发酵系统进行24小时厌氧培养后，测量发酵罐中的气压差、碳水化合物降解率和短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量。早产儿分为两组：A组，母乳喂养的早产儿，包括母亲自己的母乳和捐赠母乳（DHM）；B组，前3天用早产儿配方奶喂养，从第4天到出院用母乳（包括母亲自己的母乳和DHM）喂养。A组包括90个样本，B组包括70个样本。A组的粪便pH值（p = 0.023）、氨（p = 0.001）和胆汁酸（p = 0.025）较低。B组粪便sIgA水平也较高，无论是光密度（OD）法（p = 0.046）还是浓度法（p < 0.0001）。A组碳水化合物降解率高于B组，尤其是在LAT培养基（p = 0.017）和GOS培养基（p = 0.005）中。在所有四种培养基中，产气量无显著差异。A组四种不同培养基中的几种不同SCFAs高于B组，但A组的戊酸较低。初始喂养方式可能至少在几周内影响早产儿的肠道微生态和微生物代谢产物。
