Gareev Kamil G, Grouzdev Denis S, Koziaeva Veronika V, Sitkov Nikita O, Gao Huile, Zimina Tatiana M, Shevtsov Maxim
Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jul 20;12(14):2485. doi: 10.3390/nano12142485.
Biomimetic nanomaterials (BNMs) are functional materials containing nanoscale components and having structural and technological similarities to natural (biogenic) prototypes. Despite the fact that biomimetic approaches in materials technology have been used since the second half of the 20th century, BNMs are still at the forefront of materials science. This review considered a general classification of such nanomaterials according to the characteristic features of natural analogues that are reproduced in the preparation of BNMs, including biomimetic structure, biomimetic synthesis, and the inclusion of biogenic components. BNMs containing magnetic, metal, or metal oxide organic and ceramic structural elements (including their various combinations) were considered separately. The BNMs under consideration were analyzed according to the declared areas of application, which included tooth and bone reconstruction, magnetic and infrared hyperthermia, chemo- and immunotherapy, the development of new drugs for targeted therapy, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy, and bioimaging. In conclusion, the authors' point of view is given about the prospects for the development of this scientific area associated with the use of native, genetically modified, or completely artificial phospholipid membranes, which allow combining the physicochemical and biological properties of biogenic prototypes with high biocompatibility, economic availability, and scalability of fully synthetic nanomaterials.
仿生纳米材料（BNMs）是包含纳米级成分且在结构和技术上与天然（生物源）原型相似的功能材料。尽管自20世纪下半叶以来材料技术中就已采用仿生方法，但BNMs仍处于材料科学的前沿。本综述根据在BNMs制备过程中重现的天然类似物的特征对这类纳米材料进行了一般分类，包括仿生结构、仿生合成以及生物源成分的纳入。分别考虑了含有磁性、金属或金属氧化物有机和陶瓷结构元素（包括它们的各种组合）的BNMs。根据宣称的应用领域对所考虑的BNMs进行了分析，这些领域包括牙齿和骨骼重建、磁热疗和红外热疗、化学疗法和免疫疗法、靶向治疗新药的开发、抗菌和抗炎治疗以及生物成像。最后，作者就该科学领域的发展前景发表了观点，该领域与使用天然、基因改造或完全人工的磷脂膜相关，这些磷脂膜能够将生物源原型的物理化学和生物学特性与完全合成纳米材料的高生物相容性、经济可用性和可扩展性相结合。
