Tikhonov Andrey, Kachanov Artyom, Yudaeva Alexandra, Danilik Oleg, Ponomareva Natalia, Karandashov Ivan, Kostyusheva Anastasiya, Zamyatnin Andrey A, Parodi Alessandro, Chulanov Vladimir, Brezgin Sergey, Kostyushev Dmitry
Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Oct 7;16(10):1306. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101306.
Biomimetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) are innovative nanovehicles that replicate the properties of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, facilitating highly efficient drug delivery across biological barriers to target organs and tissues while ensuring maximal biocompatibility and minimal-to-no toxicity. BMNPs can be utilized for the delivery of therapeutic payloads and for imparting novel properties to other nanotechnologies based on organic and inorganic materials. The application of specifically modified biological membranes for coating organic and inorganic nanoparticles has the potential to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility, presenting a promising pathway for the advancement of drug delivery technologies. This manuscript is grounded in the fundamentals of biomimetic technologies, offering a comprehensive overview and analytical perspective on the preparation and functionalization of BMNPs, which include cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs), artificial cell-derived vesicles (ACDVs), and fully synthetic vesicles (fSVs). This review examines both "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches for nanoparticle preparation, with a particular focus on techniques such as cell membrane coating, cargo loading, and microfluidic fabrication. Additionally, it addresses the technological challenges and potential solutions associated with the large-scale production and clinical application of BMNPs and related technologies.
仿生纳米颗粒（BMNPs）是一种创新的纳米载体，它复制了天然存在的细胞外囊泡的特性，有助于高效地将药物输送到跨越生物屏障的靶器官和组织，同时确保最大的生物相容性和最小至无毒性。BMNPs可用于递送治疗性载荷，并赋予基于有机和无机材料的其他纳米技术新的特性。应用经过特殊修饰的生物膜来包覆有机和无机纳米颗粒，有可能提高其治疗效果和生物相容性，为药物递送技术的进步提供了一条有前景的途径。本手稿基于仿生技术的基本原理，对BMNPs的制备和功能化进行了全面的概述和分析，其中包括细胞膜包覆纳米颗粒（CMCNPs）、人工细胞衍生囊泡（ACDVs）和全合成囊泡（fSVs）。本综述研究了纳米颗粒制备的“自上而下”和“自下而上”方法，特别关注细胞膜包覆、载药和微流体制备等技术。此外，它还探讨了与BMNPs及相关技术的大规模生产和临床应用相关的技术挑战及潜在解决方案。
