Lachowicz-Wiśniewska Sabina, Pratap-Singh Anubhav, Kapusta Ireneusz, Kruszyńska Angelika, Rapak Andrzej, Ochmian Ireneusz, Cebulak Tomasz, Żukiewicz-Sobczak Wioletta, Rubiński Paweł
Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland.
Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Jun 23;15(7):785. doi: 10.3390/ph15070785.
The present work aims to assess the biological potential of polyphenolic compounds in different parts (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) of L. Towards secondary metabolites profile, 89 polyphenolic compounds (PCs) were identified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS, with a total average content of 6089 mg/100 g of dry matter (d.m.). In terms of biological activity, antioxidant activity (radical activity, reducing power), digestive enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase) effect, and antiproliferative activity (inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines) were explored. Leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of L. have not been studied in this regard until now. Vescalagin and cocciferin d2, isoverbascoside (verbascoside), luteolin 6--glucoside, luteolin 6--galactoside, apigenin 6--glucoside, (-)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, and malvidin 3--diglucoside were detected as main ingredients in the studied parts. Methanolic extract of L. leaves and flowers revealed the highest amount of PCs with the strongest antiradical (18.5 and 15.6 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g d.m., respectively) and reducing power effects (7.3 and 5.6 mmol TE/g d.m.). Leaf extracts exhibited better α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition effects, while flower extracts exhibited better α-glucosidase inhibition effect. Regarding antiproliferative activity, extracts of the leaves and flowers significantly reduced cell viability and induced a high level of apoptosis in human lung, pancreatic, bladder, and colon cancer cell lines, as well as in human acute myeloid leukemia; whereas the extracts from stems and roots revealed the weaker effects. The results of this work showed anti-proliferative and potentially anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties of L., especially for flowers and leaves, which may have wide potential applications in the functional food, special food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industries, and/or in medicine.
本研究旨在评估某植物不同部位（花、叶、茎和根）中多酚类化合物的生物学潜力。关于次生代谢产物谱，通过超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列-电喷雾电离-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱（UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS）鉴定出89种多酚类化合物（PCs），干物质（d.m.）中总平均含量为6089 mg/100 g。在生物活性方面，研究了抗氧化活性（自由基活性、还原能力）、消化酶抑制（α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶）作用以及抗增殖活性（对不同人类癌细胞系细胞活力的抑制和凋亡诱导）。到目前为止，尚未有关于该植物叶、花、茎和根在这方面的研究。在研究部位检测到的主要成分有vescalagin、cocciferin d2、异毛蕊花糖苷（毛蕊花糖苷）、木犀草素6'-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素6'-半乳糖苷、芹菜素6'-葡萄糖苷、（-）-表儿茶素、鞣花酸和锦葵色素3,5'-二葡萄糖苷。该植物叶和花的甲醇提取物中PCs含量最高，具有最强的抗自由基（分别为18.5和15.6 mmol Trolox当量（TE）/g d.m.）和还原能力作用（分别为7.3和5.6 mmol TE/g d.m.）。叶提取物对α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的抑制作用更好，而花提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用更好。关于抗增殖活性，叶和花的提取物显著降低了人肺癌、胰腺癌、膀胱癌和结肠癌细胞系以及人急性髓性白血病细胞的活力，并诱导了高水平的凋亡；而茎和根的提取物作用较弱。本研究结果表明该植物具有抗增殖以及潜在的抗糖尿病、抗肥胖特性，尤其是花和叶，这可能在功能食品、特殊食品、制药、化妆品行业和/或医学中有广泛的潜在应用。
