Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Leaves from Two and Two Species.

Several species within the genera or have a treasure of traditional medicines worldwide and can be a promising source of bioactive molecules. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of leaf methanolic extracts of L., L., Mill., and Mill. The two spp. contained higher total polyphenolic content (42.23-49.75 mg GAE/g) than the two spp., and had significantly ( ˂ 0.05) the highest concentration. On the other hand, the spp. showed higher total flavonoid content (41.47-59.24 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract) than that found in the two spp., and significantly ( ˂ 0.05) accumulated the highest amount. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of 38 selected bioactive compounds showed that the majority of compounds were identified in the four species, but with sharp variations in their concentrations. was dominated by epicatechin (8928.75 µg/g), by kaempferol-3-glucoside (47,360.04 µg/g), while rutin was the major compound in (17,285.02 µg/g) and (6381.85). The methanolic extracts of the two species exerted significantly ( ˂ 0.05) higher antiradical activity, metal reducing capacity, and total antioxidant activity than that recorded from the two species' methanolic extracts, and displayed significantly ( ˂ 0.05) the highest values. significantly ( ˂ 0.05) exhibited the highest metal chelating power. The results of the enzyme inhibition activity showed that the four species possessed anti-AChE activity, and the highest value, but not significantly ( ≥ 0.05) different from those obtained by the two spp., was exerted by . . The spp. exhibited significantly ( ˂ 0.05) higher anti-BChE and anti-Tyr properties than the spp., and revealed significantly ( ˂ 0.05) the highest values. revealed significantly ( ˂ 0.05) the highest α- amylase inhibition, while the four species had more or less the same effect against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Multivariate analysis and in silico studies showed that many of the identified phenols may play key roles as antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. Thus, these and species could be a promising source of natural bioactive agents with beneficial effects for human health.